Chip's Commentary
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Ge 1:1 Comparing Genesis and Revelation |
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From Genesis to Revelation Gen 1:1, Heavens and earth created; Rev 20:11, Heavens and earth destroyed Gen 1.3, Word of God; Rev 22.7, Word of God Gen 1.5, Night; Rev 21.25, no more night Gen 1:10, Seas created; Rev 21:1, No more sea Gen 1.16, Sun and Moon; Rev 21.23, no more need for sun and moon Gen 2.17, death instituted; Rev 21.4, no more death Gen 3:1-7, beginning of Satan's reign; Rev 20:10, Satan cast into lake of fire Gen 3:1-7, entrance of sin; Rev. 21:27, sin banished Gen 3.16, pain ushered in; Rev 21.4, no more pain Gen 3:17-19, curse on creation; Rev 22:3, curse removed Gen 3:24, right to tree of life forfeited; Rev 22:2, 19, access to tree of life restored Gen 3:24, eviction from Garden of Eden; Rev 22:7, welcomed back to paradise (Ezek 36.35) Gen 2:17 and 5:5, death introduced; Rev 21:4, death removed Gen 4:1, marriage of first Adam; Rev 19:7, marriage of last Adam Gen 3:16, sorrow comes to mankind; Rev 21:4, sorrow eliminated also see Gen 1.29-30 and Is 65.25, all animals herbivores
Furthermore, Gen 2 and 3 are over-represented in MT for "yhwh elohim" (16% of all occurrences); Rev is over-represented with "kurios theos" (80% of all occurrences); Psalm 103 (and 105) has YHWH as Savior and Redeemer while Psalm 104 has Elohim as Creator and Sustainer; Gen 1.30, all animals were herbivores--Is 65.25, all animals will again be herbivores in the kingdom |
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Ge 1:1 Old Testament |
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“The real theme of the Pentateuch is the selection of Israel from the nations and its consecration to the service of God and His Laws in a divinely appointed land. The central event in the development of this theme is the divine covenant with Abraham and its … promise to make his offspring into the people of God and to give them the land of Canaan as an everlasting inheritance” (M.H Segal, The Pentateuch: Its Composition and Its Authorship and Other Biblical Studies, p. 23, italics his).
"Genesis forms the introduction to the Pentateuch’s main theme of the founding of the theocracy, that is, the rule of God over all Creation. Exodus presents the redemption of the seed out of bondage and the granting of a covenant to them. Leviticus is the manual of ordinances enabling the holy God to dwell among His people by making them holy. Numbers records the military arrangement and census of the tribes in the wilderness, and shows how God preserves His promised blessings from internal and external threats. Deuteronomy presents the renewal of the covenant" (Allen P. Ross, "Genesis", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 26)
Dt 28, key to understanding OT
Torah is 25% of the HB by words
11 Historical books carry the timeline (Lev, Deut, Ruth, 1-2 Chron, and Esther supplement the timeline)
613 laws in the Torah 365 Negative, 248 Positive
Positive (248) Belief in God and Our Duties Toward Him (19) The Sanctuary, Priesthood and Sacrifices (76) The Sources of Uncleanness and the Modes of Purification (18) Gifts to the Temple, the Poor, the Priests and Levites; the Sabbatical Year and the Jubilee; the Preparation of Food (39) The Holy Days and the Observances Connected With Them (19) The Proper Functioning of the Jewish State (22) Our Duties Towards Our Fellow Men (16) The Duties Attaching to Family Life (14) The Enforcement of Criminal Law (8) The Laws Relating to Property, Real and Personal (17)
Negative (365) Idolatry and Related Subjects (59) Our Duties to God, the Sanctuary, and the Services Therein (29) Sacrifices, Priestly Gifts, Priests, Levites, and Related Subjects (83) Prohibitions Affecting Food (38) Cultivation of the Land (19) Our Duties Towards Our Fellow Men, Towards the Poor and Towards Employees (42) The Administration of Justice, the Authority of the Courts, and Similar Matters (49) The Sabbath and Festivals (10) The Forbidden Degrees of Marriage and Related Subjects (32) The Head of the Jewish State and Its Officers (4)
Not Applicable Today 330 Applicable Today 260
Laws by Book: Gen-3 Ex-108 Lev-242 Nu-57 Dt-203
Laws by Category: Sacrifices and Offerings, 102 Idolatry, Idolaters, Idolatrous Practices, 46 Times and Seasons, 36 The Court and Judicial Procedure, 36 Temple, Sanctuary, Sacred Objects, 33 Kohanim and Levites, 30 Dietary Laws, 27 Forbidden Sexual Relations, 25 Punishment and Restitution, 24 T'rumah, Tithes, Taxes, 24 Marriage, Divorce, Family, 23 Employees, Servants, Slaves, 19 Sabbatical and Jubilee Years, 17 Ritual Purity and Impurity, 16 Wars, 16 Love and Brotherhood, 14 Business Practices, 14 The Poor and Unfortunate, 13 Property and Property Rights, 11 God, 10 Nazarites, 10 Vows, Oaths, Swearing, 7 Criminal Laws, 7 Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 7 The King, 7 Torah, 6 Treatment of Gentiles, 6 Signs and Symbols, 5 Prayer and Blessings, 4 Injuries and Damages, 4 The Firstborn, 4 Lepers and Leprosy, 4 Prophecy, 3 Clothing, 3
Top 10 Proper Nouns in MT Torah Yhwh-1836 Mosheh-647 Yisrael-587 Mitzraim (Egypt)-357 Ahron-301 Yacov-212 (only mentioned once in Lev-26.42) Yoseph-175 (not mentioned in Lev, mentioned three times in Dt) Avraham-151 (only mentioned once in Lev-26.42 and once in Num-32.11) Yitzak-98 (only mentioned once in Lev-26.42 and once in Num-32.11) Esau-82 (not mentioned in Ex, Lev, and Nu)
Top 25 Proper Nouns in OT LORD -6828 God -2601 Israel -2507 David -1075 Judah -816 Moses -763 Jerusalem -641 Egypt -593 Saul -392 Jacob -347 Aaron -345 Solomon -286 Babylon -253 Joshua -219 Joseph -210 Jordan -181 Abraham -174 Ephraim -171 Moab -166 Benjamin -159 Zion -154 Jeremiah -146 Joab- 145 Manasseh -141 Samuel -137
Top 11 OT books quoted in NT by verses (includes all quotes, allusions, citations, and echos; 5 are from the 12; Isa, Ps, Ex, Gen, and Deut are top 5 by raw numbers) Mal Joel Isa Dan Zech Deut Ex Ps Gen Jonah Hab
"Whereas there are direct quotations or references confirming the authority of eighteen of the twenty-two books of the Hebrew Old Testament, events from two of the remaining books have their authenticity confirmed by the New Testament. Several of the Judges are referred to in Hebrews 11:32, as are numerous events from Chronicles (cf. Matt. 23:35). Thus, only Esther and Song of Solomon are without any direct confirmation as to their authority or authenticity. Here one must rely on the original and subsequent Jewish community, who knew their prophetic source and that they were a part of the canonical books of the 'Prophets'" (Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, Rev. and expanded. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1986), 88)
Top 10 numerals in LXX: 2-612 7-347 10-293 20-277 5-268 100-237 30-167 50-163 40-141 6-128
Top 11 LHB interrogative by words in book (7 are from the 12) Obad Job Hab Mal Micah 2 Sam Haggai Amos Jonah Nah
Top 12 LHB interrogative by words in chapter (all Ps and Job)
ahav by words in book, LHB (same order as LXX (agapaw) except Song is #1) Hos Song Mal Prov Ps Deut
ahavah by words in book, LHB (Song #1 in both LXX (agapay) and LHB) Song (6x as much as the next) Zeph Prov Micah Eccles Hos
aman by words in book, LHB (Hab #1 in both LXX (pisteuw) and LHB) Hab Jonah Job Hos Isa Ps
amunah by words in book, LHB (Hab #1 in both LXX (pistis) and LHB) Hab Ps Lam Prov Hos
chesed by words in book, LHB Ps (over twice as much as next) Jonah Hos Ruth Micah Prov Lam Neh
hamartanw by words in book, Rahlf's LXX (Lev, Lam, Eccles, Hosea in top 5 of both LXX and LHB (chata)) Lam Lev Eccles Job Hos
hamartia by words in book, Rahlf's LXX (Lev, Micah, Num top 3 in order in both LXX and LHB (chatat)) Lev Micah Num Dan Prov Isa Hos Lam
dikaosunay by words in book, Rahlf's LXX (Ps and Prov in top 4 in both LXX and LHB (tsadakah); Prov #1 in both) Prov Ps Mal Isa Amos Micah Zeph Hos Dan Ezek
pistis by words in book, Rahlf's LXX (Hab #1 in both LXX and LHB (amunah)) Hab Prov Song Jer Hos
pisteuw by words in book, Rahlf's LXX (Hab #1 in both LXX and LHB (aman)) Hab Job Lam Exod Ps
apagaw by words in book, Rahlf's LXX (same as LHB (ahav) except Hos #1) Song Hos Mal Prov Ps Deut
apagay by words in book, Rahlf's LXX (all occurrences) (Song #1 in both LXX and LHB (ahavah)) Song (over 10x as many as next) 2 Kgdms Jer
chata by words in book, LHB (1 and 2 K in top 7; Lev, Lam, Eccles, Hosea in top 5 of both LXX (hamartanw) and LHB) Lev Eccles Hos 1 Kings 2 Kings Job Zeph 1 Sam Num Prov
chatat by words in book, LHB (1 and 2 K in top 8; Lev, Micah, Num top 3 in order in both Rahlfs LXX (hamartia) and LHB) Lev Micah Num Hos 1 Kings 2 Kings Prov Zech Neh Job 2 Chron
tsadakah by words in book, LHB (Ps and Prov in top 4 in both LXX (dikaosunay) and LHB; Prov #1 in both) Prov Mal Isa Ps Amos Micah Ezek Joel Dan Job Hos Deut Jer
wayyiqtol by words in book, LHB (waw-consecutive+imperfect) Jonah Judg Ruth 1 Sam 2 Sam 2 Chron Josh Exod Esther
Top 10 Ratio of Wayyiqtol to Perfect/Waw Perfect/Imperfect, LHB (Gen 1 is #33/929)
Wayyiqtol by words, LHB
Ratio of Perfect to other verbs, Rahlf's LXX Ps 110 (111 in MT) Ps 133 (134 in MT)
Ratio of Present to other verbs, Rahlf's LXX (15 of top 20 are Prov) Ps 112 (113 MT) Ps 132 (133 MT) Ps 146 (147.1-11 MT) Ps 116 (117 MT)
Ratio of Aorist to other verbs, Rahlf's LXX (Ex 26 has 0 aorist) Ps 46 (47 in MT) Ps 104 (105 in MT) Ps 105 (106 in MT)
Aorist by words, Rahlf's LXX
Future by words in book, Rahlf's LXX (9 of top 13 are from the 12) Hab Micah Lev Isa Hos Nah Zech Zeph Amos Joel Obad Deut Ezek
Ratio of Future to other verbs, Rahlf's LXX Ps 90 (91 in MT) Ps 71 (72 in MT)
Imperative by words in book, LHB (Joel and Ps top 2 in both LHB and Rahlf's LXX) Joel Ps Nah Song Haggai Isa Prov
Imperative by words in book, Rahlf's LXX (Joel and Ps top 2 in both LHB and LXX) Joel Ps Prov Isa Haggai Dan 1 Kgdms Zeph Jonah Ruth
Top 10 Imperatives by words, LHB (Ex 36-40, Ezek 46-48, and Job 24-31 have none; 21 of top 25 imperatives are Ps)
Ratio of Imperatives to other verbs, LHB (21 of top 25 imperatives are Ps)
Ratio of imperative to all verbs, Rahlf's LXX (Ex 37-40 has no imperatives; 21 of top 25 are Ps; Ps 150 and Ps 100 (99 in LXX) are #1 and #2 in LXX and LHB) Ps 99 (100 in MT) Ps 133 (134 in MT) Ps 66 (67 in MT) Ps 95 (96 in MT) Ps 116 (117 in MT) Ps 85 (86 in MT) Ps 24 (25 in MT)
Top 10 LHB shuv by words in book (6 are from the 12) Ruth Lam Hos Mal Amos Jonah Joel Zech 2 Sam
Top 10 LHB shuv by words in chapter
Top 5 LHB ywhw by words in book (all are from the 12; top 4 are last books in OT) Haggai Mal Zeph Zech Amos
Top 30 LHB ywhw by words in chapter (29 of top 30 are Ps)
Top elohim books: (raw numbers: Dt (374), Ps (365), Ge (219), 2Chr (203)) Deut Jonah Ps 2 Chron Ezra Eccles Neh 1 Chron Gen Joel
Top elohim chapters: (raw numbers: Gen 1 (32), Ps 68 (26), Dt 12 (26), Dt 4 (25), Ex 3 (21))
Top Rahlf's LXX Lemma Nouns κύριος, 8296 υἱός, 4913 θεός, 3777 βασιλεύς, 3180 γῆ, 3043 ἡμέρα, 2420 οἶκος, 1968 λαός, 1955 χείρ, 1812 ἀνήρ, 1672
Top Rahlf's LXX lemma verbs εἰμί, 6451 εἶπον, 4166 λέγω, 4031 ποιέω, 3209 γίνομαι, 2006 δίδωμι, 1991 ὁράω, 1751 γίγνομαι, 1476 λαμβάνω, 1255 λαλέω, 1127
Top 25 LXX Vocative κύριος, 582 υἱός, 145 βασιλεύς, 59 θυγάτηρ, 39 τέκνον, 22 πατήρ, 13 ἀδελφός, 9 Ἰερουσαλήμ, 9 δεσπότης, 8 ἄνθρωπος, 7 Ιουδας , 7 Ἐσθήρ, 5 οἶκος, 5 ὄρος, 5 ἀδελφιδός, 4 Ἰσραήλ, 4 Ἰώβ, 4 Ἰερεμίας, 3 Μωϋσῆς, 3 παρθένος, 3 περιστερά, 3 πόλις, 3 ἔθνος, 2 Εσεβων, 2 ἡγεμών, 2
Top 10 Verb Roots (LHB) אמר 5317 היה 3575 עשׂה 2632 בוא 2578 נתן 2013 הלך 1554 ראה 1309 שׁמע 1165 דבר 1135 ישׁב 1089
Top 10 Noun Roots (LHB) יהוה 9721 אֵל 6602 כלל 5461 כֹּל 5419 בֵּן 5239 מלך 2971 מֶ֫לֶךְ 2799 אֱלֹהִים 2660 שׂרה 2529 יִשְׂרָאֵל 2507
Top 10 Verb Senses (LHB) to say (express), 5236 to be (quality), 1615 to do (act), 1470 to come, 1200 to speak, 1096 to go (travel), 1027 to give (transfer), 835 to see, 783 to happen (come about), 743 to bring, 708
Top 10 Noun Senses (LHB) Yahweh, 4693 son, 2729 king, 2684 God (Israelite), 2648 presence ⇔ face, 1588 man, 1526 citizenry ⇔ people, 1424 day (sunset), 1302 land (territory), 1182 city, 1114
Top 10 Noun Lemmas (LHB) יהוה 6828 כֹּל 5415 בֵּן 4942 אֱלֹהִים 2602 מֶ֫לֶךְ 2530 יִשְׂרָאֵל 2507 אֶ֫רֶץ 2505 יוֹם 2301 אִישׁ 2186 פָּנֶה 2127
Top 10 Verb Lemmas (LHB) אמר 5317 היה 3575 עשׂה 2632 בוא 2578 נתן 2013 הלך 1554 ראה 1309 שׁמע 1165 דבר 1135 ישׁב 1089
Top 10 Biblical Entities (LHB) God, 22747 Israelites, 13198 Kingdom of Judah, 4251 Israelites (the Exodus, 3824 David, 3723 Israelites (the Conquest), 3623 Kingdom of Judah (Assyrian Exile), 2587 Moses, 2558 A Man, 2141 Jerusalem, 1909
Top 8 places (LHB) Jerusalem, 1909 Babylon, 539 Tyre, 227 Samaria (city), 156 Any City or Town, 141 Bethel (North of Jerusalem), 131 Hebron (city), 123 Jericho (Old Testament), 101
Top 10 People (LHB) David, 3723 Moses, 2558 A Man, 2141 A Person, 1844 Jacob (son of Isaac), 1672 Psalmist (Davidic), 1502 A Wicked Person, 1435 Job, 1392 Saul (king), 1251 A Son, 1202
17 Historical books (5 in Torah), 17 Prophetical books (5 Major Prophets), 5 Poetical books
Four Acts of the Bible: I. Creation II. Fall III. Redemption IV. Consummation
Seven Acts of the Bible I: Adam to Joshua—beginning of civilization in the ancient Near East to the beginning of Israel (3600–1200 BC; Bronze Age) II: Joshua to Solomon—Judges to United Monarchy (1200–1000 BC; Iron I) III: Solomon to Nebuchadnezzar—Divided Monarchy to Exile (1000–586 BC; Iron II) IV: Nebuchadnezzar to Nehemiah—Exile, biblical postexilic, early Second Temple (586–424 BC) V: Nehemiah to Herod—Late Second Temple (424–37 BC) VI: Herod to Jesus—Herod the Great to Jesus’ resurrection (37 BC–AD 30) VII: Jesus to Revelation—New Testament period, Jewish revolt, destruction of the Second Temple (AD 30–100)
Acrostic Poems Ps 9, 10, 25, 34, 37, 111, 112, 119, 145
The OT books were named based on the Vulgate, which named books based on the LXX |
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Ge 1:1 Genesis |
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Ken Boa: “There are a remarkable number of parallels between the first and last three chapters of the Bible. These chapters portray the beginning and the end of the great drama of God’s creative/redemptive purposes. Genesis 1-3 moves from the creation of the universe to the creation and fall of man. Revelation 20-22 moves from the judgment of the unsaved to the creation of the new universe in which believers will dwell with God. The stories of creation and consummation both stand at the transitional point between time and eternity. Enclosed between these two accounts is the stage of human history on which each person must make the choice between one of two destinies: endless separation from God or endless fellowship with God. Both of these narratives blend figurative with literal language since they deal with realms of existence that transcend our experience. They combine to tell us that our brief earthly existence is not all there is; we must live in the light of who we are (creation) and where we are going (consummation).”
The Tetragrammaton (YHWH) is never used in chapter one, since the creation account focuses on nature itself. It is also not used from chapter 2.1-3, and 40-48; Elohim is not used from 10-16; John 1.1 came before Gen. 1.1
Pantheism was the norm before creation.
Nowhere in the Bible does it attempt to prove the existence of God (Heb 11.6; Job 38.4, where were you?)
There are only two possible scenarios that would explain the existence of the universe: either the universe is self-existent and has always existed, or there is a God Who is self-existent and has always existed.
If you don't accept the first eleven chapters of Gen as literal, you have no basis for almost all major biblical doctrines. It's like trying to build a house without pouring the foundation. Jesus said if He could not be trusted in historical matters, then He should not be trusted in heavenly matters either (Jn 3.12 )
Major Doctrines beginning in Genesis 1-11: Creation-1.1 Spirit of God (Pneumatology)-1.2 Word of God (Bibliology)-1.3 Reproduction-1.25 Trinity (Theology)-1.26 and 3.22 Covenants-1.26 Man/Woman (Anthropology)-1.26-27 and 2.22 Sabbath/Rest-2.2-3 Work-2.15 Law-2.16-17 Death-2.17 Male Headship in the Home-2.18 Marriage-2.24 Satan/Angels (Angelology)-3.1 and 3.24 Sin/Pride (Hamartiology)-3.6 Guilt-3.7 Failure of Meritocracy-3.7 Grace-3.9 Judgment (Eschatology)-3.15 Christ (Christology)-3.15 Pain and Sorrow-3.16 Sacrifice/Redemption (Soteriology)-3.21 Discipline-3.24 Family-4.1-2 Murder-4.8 Judgment-6.3 Government-9.6 Languages-11.7 Nations-11.8
and others after chapter 11: Israel and the Church (Ecclesiology)-12.1-3 Heir-15.2 Worship-22.5 Birthright-25.33 Stewardship-39.4
"Most of the controversial passages of the Old Testament are referred to in the New Testament, for example, the creation, Fall, Flood, miracles of Moses and Elijah, and Jonah in the great fish. Those are not just alluded to, they are authenticated as historical events by the New Testament...Virtually every one of the first twenty-two chapters of Genesis, and each of those prior to Abraham (i.e., chaps. 1–11), has either a person or an event that is confirmed by an authoritative New Testament quotation or reference. If these people and events are authentic, then it may be argued a fortiori that the rest of the Old Testament is authentic" (Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, Rev. and expanded. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1986), 87-88.)
NT support for Gen 1-11: -Creation, Gen 1 (writer of Hebrews; Heb 11.3) -Let there be light, Gen 1 (Paul; 2Cor 4.6) -Earth formed out of water, Gen 1 (Peter; 2Pet 3.5) -Creation of Male and Female, Gen 1 (Jesus and Paul; Mt 19.4, Mk 10.6, 1Tim 2.13) -God rested on the seventh day, Gen 2 (writer of Hebrews; Heb 4.4) -Adam, the first man, Gen 2 (Paul; 1Cor 15.45) -Woman created for Man, Gen 2 (Paul; 1Cor 11.9) -Woman made from man, Gen 2 (Paul; 1Cor 11.8) -The first marriage, Gen 2 (Jesus and Paul; Mt 19.5, Mk 10.7-8, 1Cor 6.16, Eph 5.31) -Eve deceived, Gen 3 (Paul; Rom 5.12, 2Cor 11.3, 1Tim 2.14) -Cain killed Abel, Gen 4 (Jesus, writer of Hebrews, John, Jude; Mat 23:35, Luke 11:51, Heb 11:4, Heb 12:24, 1 John 3:12, Jude 11) -Genealogy from Adam to Shem, Gen 5 (Luke; Lk 3.36-38) -Enoch taken by God, Gen 5 (writer of Hebrews; Heb 11.5) -Noah and flood, Gen 6 (Jesus, writer of Hebrews, Peter; Mat 24:37, Luke 17:26, Heb 11:7, 1Pet 3:20, 2Pet 2:5, 2Pet 3:6) -Geneology from Shem to Abram, Gen 11 (Luke; Lk 3.34-36) -Abraham called from Ur, Gen 11 (Stephen; Acts 7.2-4)
Create (bara) used 48X in OT, all with God as subject (Gen 1 overrepresented with bara, exceeded only by Is 45)
Many believe in a mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch (Graf-Wellhausen), and some believe in a Mosaic authorship -Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians (Acts 7:22). -The Book of Exodus explicitly verifies Mosaic authorship (Ex 17.14) -Other books of the Old Testament witness to the Mosaic authorship of Exodus (Neh 13.1) -Jesus accepted the Mosaic authorship of Exodus (Mark 7:10, 12:26)
"No human lawgiver could have ordered matters for a nation in a settled state as we find it done in the Pentateuch. The world has had many speculative constitutions of society drawn up by philosophers and theorists, from Plato to Rousseau and Owen. None of these would have suited, or even been possible in a settled state of society. But no philosopher would ever have imagined or thought of such laws as some of the provisions in the Pentateuch. To select only a few, almost at random. Let the reader think of applying, for example, to England, such provisions as that all males were to appear three times a year in the place which the Lord would choose, or those connected with the Sabbatic and the Jubilee years, or those regulating religious and charitable contributions, or those concerning the corners of fields, or those prohibiting the taking of interest, or those connected with the Levitical cities. Then let any one seriously ask himself, whether such institutions could have been for the first time propounded or introduced by a legislator at the time of David, or of Hezekiah, or of Ezra? The more we think of the spirit and of the details of the Mosaic legislation, the stronger grows our conviction, that such laws and institutions could have been only introduced before the people actually settled in the land." (Alfred Edersheim, Sketches of Jewish Social Life in the Days of Christ (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2003), 204.)
The first triad of days consisted of forming and separating; the second triad filling
Heb 11.3 tells us by faith, not by science, we understand the worlds were prepared by the word of God, and God reminds Job in Job 38.4 that he was not around when God laid the foundation of the earth.
Gen 1 is #33 of 929 for ratio of wayyiqtol to Perfect/Waw Perfect/Imperfect, LHB |
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It all begins with Creation and the Flood. Two events, detailed in the 1st and 7th chapters of Genesis, and also in tablets dating back to the 7th century BCE (Assyrian king, Ashurbanipal). In particular, the Babylonian Creation story (Enuma Elish) and the Babylonian Flood story (Gilgamesh Epic; Gilgamesh ruled Uruk 2600 BCE--the epic consists of 11 clay tablets, the 11th tablet describing the flood) are inscribed in cuneiform and relate how the gods of that time brought about creation and the great flood. Indeed, Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Hindus, Chinese, Phrygians, Fiji Islanders, Esquimaux, Aboriginal Americans, Indians, Brazilians, Peruvians, and almost every branch of the human race (including Semitic, Aryan, and Turanian) have traditions of a great deluge that destroyed all mankind, except one family, and which left such an impression on the memory of the ancestors of all these races before they separated. The creation account is also recorded on tablets found in Nineveh and Ashur. These Assyrian and Babylonian creation and flood stories are certainly polytheistic. "But with so many points of similarity to the Geneses account, it would seem they must have had a common origin. All these myths are intelligible only on the supposition that some such event did actually occur. Such a universal belief, not springing from some instinctive principle of our nature, must be based on an historical fact." (Henry Halley) |
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New creation Gal 6.15 and 2Cor 5.17; New Heaven and Earth, Rev 21.1 (how long did the new one take to make?); God created everything with the appearance of age; Rev 9.11, Satan is the destroyer
Gen 1 is #33/929 in ratio of Wayyiqtol to Perfect/Waw Perfect/Imperfect, LHB
2Pet 3.4, mockers will use the present as key to understand the past |
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The Accounts (toledot): 1. Creation (1:1–2:3) 2. Ṭôleḏôṯ of the heavens and the earth (2:4–4:26) 3. Ṭôleḏôṯ of Adam (5:1–6:8) 4. Ṭôleḏôṯ of Noah (6:9–9:29) 5. Ṭôleḏôṯ of Shem, Ham, and Japheth (10:1–11:9) 6. Ṭôleḏôṯ of Shem (11:10–26) 7. Ṭôleḏôṯ of Terah (11:27–25:11) 8. Ṭôleḏôṯ of Ishmael (25:12–18) 9. Ṭôleḏôṯ of Isaac (25:19–35:29) 10. Ṭôleḏôṯ of Esau (36:1–8) 11. Ṭôleḏôṯ of Esau, father of the Edomites (36:9–37:1) 12. Ṭôleḏôṯ of Jacob (37:2–50:26) (Allen P. Ross, "Genesis", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 22. |
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Ge 1:1 The Bible |
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Units and Measurements Weight- shekel-.4 oz talent-75 lbs
Dry- ephah-.6 bushel homer-6 bushels
Liquid- hin-1 gal bath-6 gal
Length- handbreadth-3 in. span-9 in. cubit-18 in.
If humans had written the Bible- -Jesus would not have come from Nazareth; would not have come riding on a donkey -Humans would play a part in their salvation (would not be totally depraved) -Prostitutes and Gentiles would not be in the lineage of the King; -God would not have instructed the Israelites to slaughter women and children -There would be no talking animals -The sun would not have altered course (twice, Is 38.8 and Josh 10.13) -Jesus would have been a uniter, not a divider (Mt 10.35-36) -Women would not have been selected to report the resurrection -Moses and David would have been without major character flaws (Abraham and Isaac lied; Jacob deceived) -The Apostles would not have abandoned Jesus at the moment He most “needed” them -The Gospel writers would have colluded and gotten their stories "straight" -Mark would have called his gospel “the Gospel according to Peter” -There would be no report of a resurrection, since the Jews were not looking for that until the end -Every book would have some mention of God/Lord/LORD (2 don’t) -The legend would not have been recorded while all who would have known about the events were still alive -The lead character would not have been murdered, much less crucified (which was seen from Jerusalem's walls and on the major road to Joppa and to Caesarea Maritima) -Would not have included historically verifiable placemarks -There would be no imprecatory Psalms -John wouldn't have baptized Jesus -Jesus would not have made such comments as "Let the dead bury the dead,” called the Syrophoenecian woman a "dog," and instructed his followers to “hate” their families -Luke would not have reported Jesus’ claim about the Gentiles culpability in the death of Jesus (Lk 18.32-33) -The apostles would not have tried to sell the monotheistic Jews on the trinity, or the rational Greeks on the resurrection
"A comparison of Scripture with other ancient literature is, in this respect, illuminating. For instance, consider the first page of the Bible. I suggest that any person who questions to actual fact of Revelation should compare it with all the accounts of creation whether Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Phoenician, Greek, Chinese or Roman which have come down to us. I submit that such a comparison will at once reveal the difference between revelation and human guesswork or research. The second comparison with eternal literature I would make is the difference between the four gospels and the excluded or apocryphal gospels. Those acquainted with the excluded gospels cannot but be impressed with the essential difference between them and the fourfold life of our Lord as we have it in the new Testament" (F. F. Bruce, M.A., “What Do We Mean By Biblical Inspiration?” Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute 78 (1946): 130).
Patrick Henry: “The Bible is worth all other books which have ever been printed” (William Wirt, The Life and Character of Patrick Henry (Philadelphia: James Webster, 1818), p.402).
"While the Greek texts (Josephus, the Gospels, Philo) emphasize philosophic and theological differences, the Hebrew and Aramaic documents (the Qumran scrolls, the rabbinic documents) focus on issues of practice." (The Oxford History of the Biblical World, M.D. Coogan, ed, p. 483)
OT uses more aorist and future tense (Rahlf's LXX); NT uses more present tense (NA28)
The Bible must be the invention either of good men or angels, bad men or devils, or of God: 1. It could not be the invention of good men or angels; for they neither would or could make a book, and tell lies all the time they were writing it, saying “Thus saith the Lord,” when it was their own invention. 2. It could not be the invention of bad men or devils; for they would not make a book which commands all duty, forbids all sin, and condemns their souls to hell to all eternity. 3. Therefore, I draw this conclusion, that the Bible must be given by divine inspiration. (Charles Wesley)
Top 10 Verb Senses (LEB) to say (express), 7183 to be (quality), 3415 to do (act), 1869 to come, 1739 to speak, 1371 to see, 1212 to go (travel), 1112 to happen (come about), 1103 to give (transfer), 894 to bring, 771
Top 10 Noun Senses (LEB) God, 25853 Israelites, 13224 Jesus, 7512 Kingdom of Judah, 4251 David, 3896 Israelites (the Exodus), 3824 A Man, 3657 Israelites (the Conquest), 3623 Paul, 3257 Moses, 2738
Top 10 people (LEB) David, 3896 A Man, 3657 Paul, 3257 Moses, 2738 A Person, 2190 Jacob (son of Isaac), 1726 Psalmist (Davidic), 1498 A Wicked Person, 1447 Job, 1388 A Son, 1388
Top 10 places (LEB) Jerusalem, 2145 Babylon, 603 Tyre, 244 Any City or Town, 181 Samaria (city), 171 Bethel (North of Jerusalem), 131 Hebron (city), 123 Jericho (Old Testament), 101 Shechem (city), 95 Any Village, 89
Top 8 Nations (LEB) Egypt (nation), 804 Any Region, 616 Israel, 580 Canaan, 555 Judah (kingdom), 441 Moab, 127 Edom, 121 Any Place, 115
Top 10 Entity (LEB) Yahweh, 4693 son, 2828 king, 2799 God (Israelite), 2648 man, 1784 presence ⇔ face, 1605 citizenry ⇔ people, 1424 day (sunset), 1302 person, 1263 city, 1189
Top 15 Prayer Categories (LEB) Petition, 140 Praise, 92 Thanksgiving, 39 Complaint, 35 Intercession, 32 Confession, 29 Blessing, 28 Query, 18 Repentance, 17 Affirmation, 9 Oath, 9 Imprecation, 7 Other, 6 Lament, 4 Curse, 3
Top 15 Speaking to God Categories (LEB) Petition, 249 Query, 150 Response, 138 Praise, 134 Other 88 Complaint, 72 Confession, 72 Intercession, 47 Thanksgiving, 47 Blessing, 35 Affirmation, 31 Repentance, 18 Imprecation, 17 Oath, 13 Lament, 6
Top 10 things petitioned (LEB) Heart, 48 Hand, 45 Earth, 44 Eye, 36 Mouth, 32 Jewish temple, 30 Face, 25 Sky, 19 Head, 18 Water, 18
Definitions Love: The steady intention of one's volition towards another's highest good Faith: Choosing to believe that the Bible is true in spite of feelings and experiences to the contrary; not a leap into the dark, but a step into the light Justification: Declared righteous Justice: Receiving what you deserve; Mercy: Not receiving what you deserve; Grace: Receiving better than you deserve Marriage: Not so much marrying the right person, but becoming the right person The Gospel: God’s offer of His power to make us into the people He always intended us to be Ethics: Defined standards of behavior; Morality: Lived standards of behavior; Integrity: The degree of congruence between the two Heaven: Endless creative activity without frustration to the glory of God Education: A gradual movement from cocksure ignorance to thoughtful uncertainty
Justified: Just-if-i'd never sinned Atonement: At-one-ment Grace: God's-Riches-At-Christ's-Expense Joy: Jesus-Others-You Prayer: A-C-T-S (adoration, confession, thanksgiving, supplication-which includes petition and intercession) Pharisee: were not fair, you see Sadducee: were sad, you see Fear: False Evidence Appearing Real |
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Ge 1:1 Presidential quotes on the Bible |
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25 December 1813, In a Letter to Thomas Jefferson, John Adams (2nd POTUS) wrote “I believe the Bible is the best book in the world. It contains more philosophy than all the libraries I have seen” (L.J. Capon, ed., The Adams—Jefferson Letters (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1959), 2:412).
John Q. Adams (6th POTUS), “The first and almost the only Book deserving of universal attention is the Bible” (Robert Flood, The Rebirth of America (Philadelphia: Arthur S. DeMoss Foundation, 1986), p. 37).
Dwight Eisenhower, 34th POTUS, “The Bible is endorsed by the ages. Our civilization is built upon its words. In no other book is there such a collection of inspired wisdom, reality, and hope.” (Gary DeMar, The Untold Story (Atlanta, GA: American Vision, Inc., 1993), p. 60).
Rutherford B. Hayes (19th POTUS), “I am a firm believer in the Divine teachings, perfect example, and atoning sacrifice of Jesus Christ. I believe also in the Holy Scriptures as the revealed Word of God to the world for its enlightenment and salvation” (Stephen Abbott Northrop, A Cloud of Witnesses (Portland, Oregon: American Heritage Ministries, 198), p. 223).
Andrew Jackson (7th POTUS), 29 May 1845, in reference to the Bible, he said “Upon that sacred volume I rest my hope for eternal salvation, through the merits and blood of our blessed Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ” (Robert V. Remini, Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Freedom, 1822-1832 (New York: Harper and Row, 1981), p. 519). Again, 8 June 1845, in reference to the Bible, he said “That book, Sir, is the rock upon which our republic rests” (Gary DeMar, The Untold Story (Atlanta, GA: American Vision, Inc., 1993), p. 59).
Abraham Lincoln, 16th POTUS, said “I believe the Bible is the best gift God has given to man” (Stephen Abbott Northrop, A Cloud of Witnesses (Portland, Oregon: American Heritage Ministries, 198), p. 285).
William McKinley (25th POTUS), said “The more profoundly we study this wonderful Book, and the more closely we observe its divine precepts, the better citizens we will become and the higher will be our destiny as a nation” (Gary DeMar, The Untold Story (Atlanta, GA: American Vision, Inc., 1993), p. 60).
Ronald Reagan (40th POTUS), said 4 October 1982, “Renewing our knowledge of and faith in God through Holy Scripture can strengthen us as a nation and a people” (Public Law 97-280).
Theodore Roosevelt (26th POTUS), said “A thorough knowledge of the Bible is worth more than a college education” (Alfred Armand Montapert, Distilled Wisdom (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Inc., 1965), p. 36).
FDR, "I take pleasure in commending the reading of the Bible to all who serve in the armed forces of the United States." (The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, Prepared for Use of Protestant Personnel of the Army of the United States (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1942), letter by Franklin Roosevelt inside front cover.) |
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Ge 1:1 Difference in arrangement between LXX and MT |
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The most extensive discrepancies in arrangement of materials (between the LXX and MT) occur in (1) Ex 35 through 39, the construction of the Tabernacle and the ornaments of its ministers, (2) 3 R 4 through 11, Solomon's reign, (3) Jeremiah (last half), (4) Proverbs (end).
Psalms LXX/MT 1-8=1-8 9=9-10 10-112=11-113 113=114-115 114=116:1-9 115=116:10-19 116-145=117-146 146=147:1-11 147=147:12-20 148-150=148-150 |
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Is 45.18, God did not create the earth a waste place; Jer 4.23 ; Ps 104.5-6; springs would well up from the earth and water the whole surface of the ground (Gen 2.6) |
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Neh 9.6 ; there are no quotation marks in the originals; 1Cor 15.39-41 ; Rev 21.23, shekinah?; see also Ps 104.2, where God covers Himself with light; the difference between or and ma'or; Is 45.7 ; Acts 26.13, brighter than the sun; Rev 1.16, His face was like the sun shining |
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"The term yom with an ordinal (first, second, etc.) adjective means 24-hour days wherever this construction occurs in the Old Testament. Also the normal understanding of the fourth commandment (Ex. 20:11) would suggest this interpretation" (John F. Walvoord et al., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Ge 1:3–5.); whenever the words "morning" or "evening" are used in connection with the word "day," it always refers to a 24-hour period. |
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Total global water-332,500,000 cubic miles Total global fresh water-8,404,000 cubic miles (2.50% of all global water) Total atmospheric water-3,094 cubic miles (0.04% of all fresh water, and 0.001% of all global water; would cover the earth with 1" of water) (Gleick, P. H., 1996: Water resources. In Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, ed. by S. H. Schneider, Oxford University Press, New York, vol. 2, pp.817-823) |
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Job 38.10-11, boundaries; Jer 5.22, Ps 104.9, Prov 8.29 |
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But this vegetation would still need rain and man to cultivate the ground (Gen 2.5); the earth brings forth vegetation, while God formed life from the dust (moves, breathes, has blood) |
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"Made" is not the word "bara" here; Ps 8.3 |
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Ge 1:16 Purpose of Starlight |
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Ps 8.3, proof of God's love Ps 19.1, demonstration of God's glory Ps 136.9, light and guidance Is 40.26, proof for God's existence Jer 31.35, light at night Lk 21.25, for signs |
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Fish left out of flood, naming by Adam, and plants for food |
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Ge 1:25 After his kind |
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This is common throughout creation: “after his kind.” The writer of Genesis did not believe life evolved from a common ancestral gene pool; Legend has it that when asked by a theologian what the living world could tell us about a creator, biologist J.B.S. Haldane remarked that, “If He exists the creator has an inordinate fondness for beetles.” In his writings, Haldane, who died in 1964, noted that there are 300,000 species of beetles and only 10,000 species of mammals |
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Ge 1:26 The Trinity |
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Other Trinity verses: Gen 3.22, Gen 11.7, Ps 45.6-7, Ps 110.1, Prov 8.22-31, Is 6.8, Is 48.16, Is 61.1-3, Is 63.10, Dan 7.13, Hos 1.7, Mal 3.1-2, Mt 3.16, Mt 12.18, Mt 12.28, Matt 22.41-46, Mt 28.19, Lk 2.26, Lk 10.21, Lk 23.46, Jn 14.15-17 , Jn 14.26, Jn 15.26, Acts 2.32-33, Acts 2.38-39, Acts 7.55, Acts 10.38, Acts 11.16-17, Acts 20.21-22, Rom 1.4, Rom 5.5-6, Rom 8.2-3, Rom 14.17-18, Rom 15.16, Rom 15.30, 1Cor 2.2-5, 1 Cor 2.11, 1 Cor 6.11, 1 Cor 12.3-6, 2 Cor 1.21-22, 2 Cor 13.14, Gal 4.6, Eph 1.3, Eph 1.13-14, Eph 1.17, Eph 2.18, Eph 2.21, Eph 3.14-17, Ephesians 4:4-6, Philippians 3.3, Colossians 1:6-8, 1Thessalonians 1:3-5, 1 Thes 5.18-19, 2Thes 2.13-14, Titus 3:4-6, Heb 1.8, Heb 9.14, 1 Pet 1.2, 1 Pet 3.18 , 1 Pet 4.13-14, 1Jn 3.23-24, 1Jn 4.2-3, 1 Jn 4.12 , Jude 20-21, Rev.1.9-10 , Rev 19.10 ; Trinity in Romans, "Love of..."-8.38 (Christ), 9.1 (God), 15.20 (Spirit); In John, 14.20 (Christ), 23 (Father), 26 (Spirit); Unholy trinity in Rev 16.13 |
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Ge 1:26 Covenants |
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Eternal covenant, Heb 13:20—The redemptive covenant before time began, between the Father and the Son. By this covenant we have eternal redemption, an eternal peace from the ‘God of peace’, through the death and resurrection of the Son. Edenic covenant, Gen 1:26-28—The creative covenant between the Triune God, as the first party (Gen 1:26), and newly created man, as the second party, governing man’s creation and life in Edenic innocence. It regulated man’s dominion and subjugation of the earth, and presented a simple test of obedience. The penalty was death. Adamic covenant, Gen 3:14-19—The covenant conditioning fallen man’s life on the earth. Satan’s tool (the serpent) was cursed (Gen 3:14); the first promise of the Redeemer was given (3:15); women’s status was altered (3:16); the earth was cursed (3:17-19); physical and spiritual death resulted (3:19). Noahic covenant, Gen 8:20-9:6—The covenant of human government. Man is to govern his fellowmen for God, indicated by the institution of capital punishment as the supreme judicial power of the state (Gen 9:5-6). Other features included the promise of redemption through the line of Shem (Gen 9:26 ). Abrahamic covenant, Gen 12:1-3; confirmed, 13:14-17; 15:1-7; 17:1-8—The covenant of promise. Abraham’s posterity was to be made a great nation. In him (through Christ) all the families of the earth were to be blessed (Gal 3:16; Jn 8:56-58). Mosaic covenant, Ex 20:1-31:18—The legal covenant, given solely to Israel. It consisted of the commandments (Ex 20:1-26); the judgments (social) - (Ex 21:1; 24:11) and the ordinances (religious); (Ex 24:12-31:18); also called the law. It was a conditional covenant of works, a ministry of ‘condemnation’ and ‘death’ (2 Cor 3:7-9), designed to lead the transgressor (convicted thereby as a sinner) to Christ. Palestinian covenant, Deut 30:1-10—The covenant regulating Israel’s tenure of the land of Canaan. Its prophetic features include dispersion of disobedience (Deut 30:1), future repentance while in dispersion (30:2), the Lord’s return (30:3), the restoration (30:4-5), national conversion (3:6), judgment of Israel’s foes (30:7), national prosperity (30:9). Its blessings are conditioned upon obedience (30:8, 10), but fulfillment is guaranteed by the new covenant. Davidic covenant, 2 Sam 7:4-17, 1 Chr 17:4-15—The kingdom covenant regulating the temporal and eternal rule of David’s posterity. It secures in perpetuity a Davidic ‘house’ or line, a throne, and a kingdom. It was confirmed by divine oath in Ps 89:30-37 and renewed to Mary in Lk 1:31-33. It is fulfilled in Christ as the World’s Saviour and Israel’s coming King (Acts 1:6; Rev 19:16; 20:4-6). New covenant, Jer 31:31-33; Mt 26:28; Mk 14:24; Lk 22:20; Heb 8:8-12—The covenant of unconditional blessing based upon the finished redemption of Christ. It secures blessing for the church, flowing from the Abrahamic covenant (Gal 3:13-20), and secures all covenant blessings to converted Israel, including those of the Abrahamic, Palestinian, and Davidic covenants. This covenant is unconditional, final and irreversible. From The New Unger’s Bible Handbook, Merrill F. Unger, Revised by Gary N. Larson, Moody Press, Chicago, 1984, p. 595. |
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Ge 1:26 Imago Dei |
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Col 3.10; Ps 8.6-8; 2Cor 4.4 and Col 1.15; Imago Dei—we were designed in such a way that the world cannot satisfy us...we long for something otherworldly; "Men create gods after their own image, not only with regard to their form but with regard to their mode of life. " -Aristotle; the average longevity of the antediluvian patriarchs was 912 years.
"Being in God’s image means that humans share, though imperfectly and finitely, in God’s nature, that is, in His communicable attributes (life, personality, truth, wisdom, love, holiness, justice), and so have the capacity for spiritual fellowship with Him" (John F. Walvoord et al., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Ge 1:24–31)
Created on the 6th day (number of man)
"Man, made in the image of God, enjoying sovereignty over the creatures of the earth, and observing the Sabbath rest of God, had a blessed beginning" (Allen P. Ross, "Genesis", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 24)
Heb 1.3, Imago Dei; Rom 7.17, believers live below their world view, unbelievers above theirs; Same word (eikon) as Mt 22.20
Harry Truman (33rd POTUS), 20 January 1949, Second Inaugural Address: “We believe that all men are created equal because they are created in the image of God” (Proclaim Liberty (Dallas, TX: Word of Faith), p. 2). |
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For this reason, we are more valuable than creatures not made in God's image (Mt 10.31); God did this from the dust of the ground, and man became a living being after God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life (Gen 2.7); Rom 8.29, we are predestined to become conformed to the image (eikon) of His Son; God knew He would be using this scripture as the Son (Mt 19.4) |
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It seems as though the first humans, as well as beasts, were restricted to vegetation for sustenance until Gen 9.3 (and will be that way in the kingdom, Is 65.25 and Is 11.6-9) |
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The first three days were spent creating space (the void of space, sky and seas, land), while the next three days God filled those spaces (heavenly bodies, birds and fish, beasts and man) (see Rev 10.6) ; (1) Genesis 1 is a general survey of the six days of creation, and Genesis 2 is a more detailed account of the sixth day of creation. (2) The name Elohim is used consistently in Genesis 1, because it emphasizes God’s work as Creator, while the name Yahweh is used throughout Genesis 2 to underline the covenant relationship He establishes with man. |
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Fish, Birds, Beasts, Man: -Gen 1 is heavens, waters below and above, land (fish, birds, beasts, man) -Gen 1.28, fish, birds, beast -Gen 9.2, beast, bird, fish -Dt 14.4-20, beasts, fish, birds -1K 4.33, animals, birds, fish -Ezek 29.5, fish, beasts, birds -Ezek 38.20, fish, birds, beasts -Hos 4.3, beasts, birds, fish -Zeph 1.3, man, beast, birds, fish -1Cor 15.39, men, beasts, birds, fish |
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Ge 2:1 yhwh elohim |
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Gen 2 and 3 total more than 16% of all places in MT for "yhwh elohim" (like Rev, over-represented with "kurios theos"); Psalm 103 has YHWH as Savior and Redeemer while Psalm 104 has Elohim as Creator and Sustainer |
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Ex 20.11, God made everything in 6 days, and rested on the 7th |
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"The arrangement in these verses includes a title (v. 4), three circumstantial clauses beginning in the Hebrew with 'when' ('when' no shrub … had yet appeared, 'when' there was no man to work the ground, 'when' streams … watered the … ground), and the verb beginning the narrative (and [He] formed). This mirrors chapter 1 (title, 1:1; circumstantial clauses, 1:2; and the first of the narrative verbs, 1:3)" (Allen P. Ross, Genesis, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, vol. 1 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 30) |
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Ge 2:4 yhwh |
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Here, through the rest of the chapter, the Tetragrammaton (YHWH) is used in conjunction with Elohim, since the creation of man is described in more detail and is more personal in nature; "Genesis 1 describes the creation of the universe and climaxes with the creation of man. Genesis 2 concentrates on the creation of man and climaxes with the institution of marriage. The first chapter portrays God as powerful (the name Elohim is used of God as the creator); the second chapter portrays God as personal (the name Yahweh is used of God as the covenant-keeper)" (Ken Boa, Marriage).
The Old Testament frequently joins the description of the Lord as Law-Giver and Creator. Accordingly in the first part of this p, ’ēl (“God”) is used (v. 1) to denote His power as the Creator, and in the second part, Yahweh (“the Lord”) is used (vv. 7–9, 14), the personal name by which He made Himself known as Israel’s covenant God" (Allen P. Ross, Psalms, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, vol. 1 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 807) |
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Ge 2:5 Possible solutions to harmonizing this verse with Gen 1.11 |
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Genesis 1-chronological Genesis 2-topical
Gen 1-creation of plants Gen 2-reproduction of plants
Gen 1-vegetation in general Gen 2-vegetation which requires cultivation
Gen 1-eretz refers to garden Gen 2-eretz refers to earth at large Man did not have to cultivate the ground for food before the Fall (Gen 2.15 refers to Adam cultivating the Garden of Eden, not the ground outside) |
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The body without the spirit is dead, James 2.26 |
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Ezek 36.35, the garden of Eden |
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Gen 9.4, Noah was given one prohibition, also; Job 38.11, the sea obeys God; Gen 3.19, he was to return to dust; "knowledge of good and evil" is same Hebrew construction as Dt 1.39, innocent children |
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God created a sense of need in the man by having him name the animals and so that he would discover that none of them fully corresponded to him. Then from his side God fashioned a new creature that was wonderfully different and yet perfectly complemented him on a spiritual, intellectual, emotional, and physical level. Loneliness was replaced by companionship and completion, and this is central to God's design for marriage. The concept of "a helper suitable for him" (vss. 18,20) speaks of a supportive relationship between allies and in no way implies that one is inferior to another (ontological equality, economic subordination) |
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Notice the use of "field' here, instead of "earth" |
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Gen 15.12, a sleep fell upon him |
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Ge 2:24 Marriage |
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Commander's Intent
Marriage begins as an Ideal, works into an Ordeal, and sometimes ends with a New Deal; first there was the Dating Game, then came the Newlywed Game, then followed Divorce Court; Compare Ezek 16 and adultery; Relationships succumb to 2LOT just like anything else (leave, cleave, become one flesh)
The word used in God's mandate for a man to "cleave to his wife" entails the idea of holding fast, of clinging, and of being glued or welded together. There are many external and internal forces (children, sex, in-laws, money, power struggle, communication, neglect, opposite sex attractions) that would threaten to sever this bond, but a Christian couple makes a solemn vow to cling together through troubled as well as calm waters. As they renew this vow, implement the principles of Scripture, and depend on God's grace, their relationship can continue to grow in spite of contrary circumstances. Cleaving also means that the relationship between a husband and wife is to be second only to their relationship with the Lord (love the Lord first, and you will love your spouse more). Their marriage is to have priority over everything else, including children, career, hobbies, friends, and ministry. As I have found God, and yet continue to pursue Him, so I have found Sherry, and yet continue to pursue her.
Polygamy, adultery, promiscuity, and divorce distort God's purpose for marriage (cf. Prov. 5:15-23; 6:32; Mal. 2:16) because they minimize its permanency and commitment (Satan cannot create...he can only twist what God has created).
Men marry women hoping they don’t change and they do; Women marry men hoping they do change and they don’t
Women worry about the future until they get a husband; Men never worry about the future until they get a wife
"Jesus’ moral teaching about marriage was based on His teaching about God’s joining a literal Adam and Eve together in marriage (Matt. 19:4–5). The moral or theological teaching is devoid of its intended meaning apart from the historical or factual space-time event. If one denies that the literal space-time event occurred, then there is no basis for believing the scriptural doctrine built upon it" (Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, Rev. and expanded. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1986), 59)
Cleave is same word for "holding fast" in Dt 30.20, and "cling" in Dt 13.4 (holding fast and clinging to God; Jn 6.68)
One, ehad, same word in Dt 6.4, "The LORD is one"
Jn 17.17, sanctification and justification are much like marriage and the wedding...one is a process, the other, an event
The Bible begins and ends with marriage (Rev 21.2) |
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God knew He would be using this scripture as the Son (Mt 19.5) |
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Satan and Demons (focusing all their energy on one couple), Rev 20.2 and Mk 5.13; The enemy cannot invent a pleasure. All he can do is to encourage us to use them in the wrong way, for the wrong purpose, by the wrong means, and with the wrong amount; Gen 2 and 3 total more 16% of all places in MT for "yhwh elohim"; "The motifs in chapter 3—death, toil, sweat, thorns, the tree, the struggle, and the seed—all were later traced to Christ. He is the other Adam, who became the curse, who sweat great drops of blood in bitter agony, who wore a crown of thorns, who was hanged on a tree until He was dead, and who was placed in the dust of death" (John F. Walvoord et al., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Ge 3:8–13); 2Pet 3.16, Satan twists scripture (1K 13.18) ; Acts 17.11, they checked out the scripture to see if Paul was on target; 1Jn 4.1, believe not every spirit, but test them; 1K 22.22, Micaiah and the deceiving spirits; notice, Satan drops "LORD" from God, and reverses the order of authority (Eve leads Adam, and both tell God what they are going to do; Germany, Kinder, Küche, Kirche); vv 7-8, spiritual death--vv 17-19, physical death; Serpent is ophis in LXX, same word used in Rev 12.9 for Satan |
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Study and know what God says (2Tim 2.15) |
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Ge 3:4 Satan's Counterfeits |
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Satan’s Counterfeits 1. He has a false trinity, Rev. 13:2; 16:13 2. He has his synagogues, Rev. 2:9 3. He has his doctrines, 1 Tim. 4:1 4. He has his mysteries, Rev. 2:24; 2 Thess. 2:7 5. He has his throne, Rev. 2:13; 13:2 6. He has his kingdom, Luke 4:6 7. He has his worshipers, Rev. 13:4 8. He has his angels, Rev. 12:7 9. He has his ministers, 2 Cor. 11:15; 1K 13.33 10. He has his miracles, 2 Thess 2:9; Matt. 7:21-23 11. He has his sacrifices, 1 Cor. 10:20; 1K 12.33 (and incense) 12. He has his fellowship, 1 Cor. 10:20; 1K 12.32, alternative feasts 13. He has his armies, Isa. 24:21; Rev. 14:14-17; 16:16 14. He sows tares among God’s wheat, Matt. 13:24-30, 36-43 15. He instigates false doctrine, 1 Tim. 4:1-3 16. He perverts the Word of God, Gen. 3:1-4 17. He has counterfeit Christians, 2 Cor. 11:26 18. He has a counterfeit Gospel, Gal. 1:6–9 19. He offers a counterfeit righteousness, Rom. 10:1–3 20. He sets up geographical powers, Dan 10.13 |
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Ge 3:4 Sin |
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Sin always reveals its pleasures…never its consequences; "All carnal joy begins sweetly but in the end brings remorse and death" (Thomas a` Kempis, The Imitation of Christ (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, 1996), 38); Satan wants you to believe God does not have your best interest at heart...that He is holding back on you; (The truth of Scripture is to be found in what the Bible reveals not in everything it records" (Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, Rev. and expanded. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1986), 58); First Satan questions the Word of God, then he denies it |
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Satan wants us to think God is holding back on us...that He is not "fair" (Mt 20:11-12; 1Cor 10.14 ) ; You will be like God (Is 14.14) |
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1Jn 2.16; Mt 4.3-9 ; The enemy cannot invent a pleasure. All he can do is to encourage us to use them in the wrong way, for the wrong purpose, by the wrong means, and with the wrong amount; according to Gen 2.9, trees were already pleasing to the sight and good for food...Satan just added that last component of making one wise; D.L Moody’s Bible: “This book will keep you from sin, or sin will keep you from this book."; humans are by nature arrogant, independent, and autonomous; "Adam’s existence and fall cannot be a myth. If there were no literal Adam and actual fall, then the spiritual teaching about inherited sin and eventual or physical death (Rom. 5:12) are wrong (see Jn 3.12 )" (Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, Rev. and expanded. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1986), 59); She saw; she coveted; she took (2Sam 11.2-4; Joshua 7.21) |
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Ge 3:7 Alienation |
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Led to four alienations: alienation from God (Ps), from ourselves (Ecc), from others (Prov), and from the natural world |
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"They were stripped, deprived of all the honours and joys of their paradise-state, and exposed to all the miseries that might justly be expected from an angry God" (Matthew Henry, Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible: Complete and Unabridged in One Volume (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994), Ge 3:6–8): They made a counterfeit to God's provision (Jer 2.13); Jer 46.11 ; Sin always reveals its pleasures, never its consequences; they attempted to get ahead of God, like Abram in Gen 16.4, and Moses in Ex 2.12; see also Ex 32.1-4 ; Mt 4.9, Jesus refused to get ahead of God; we have to approach God on His terms, not on our terms, Dt 1.41-45 ; God had to reconcile us to Him (Col 1.20, Eph 2.16, 2Cor 5.18-21, Mt 27.51; Lk 18.11-12); Rom 2.15, their conscience bearing witness to the work of the Law; 1Sam 12.20-21, Samuel encouraged the people to not go after futile things, but return to the Lord |
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Ge 3:8 Hiding from God |
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Rev 20.11; This is our natural state as unbelievers: to hide from God. As C.S. Lewis has said, the gates of hell are locked from the inside. The wrath of God merely ratifies and confirms “judgments which those whom He ‘visits’ have already passed on themselves by the course they have chosen to follow.” (J.I. Packer, Knowing God, IVP Books, Downers Grove, IL, 1993, p. 153); God made it so we could draw near with confidence, Heb 4.16; 1Jn 2.28; Others who recognized God’s holiness: Isaiah, Is 6.5; Centurion, Mt 8.8; Job, Job 40.4, 42.5-6; Peter, Lk 5.8; the safest place to be to avoid the wrath of God is right next to Him; Abraham said "Here I am" when God came looking for him (Gen 22.1)
"It is certain that man never achieves a clear knowledge of himself unless he has first looked upon God’s face, and then descends from contemplating him to scrutinize himself. For we always seem to ourselves righteous and upright and wise and holy—this pride is innate in all of us—unless by clear proofs we stand convinced of our own unrighteousness, foulness, folly, and impurity" (John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion & 2, ed. John T. McNeill, trans. Ford Lewis Battles, vol. 1, The Library of Christian Classics (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2011), 37) |
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God looks for us, none seek after God (Ps 14.2; 1Jn 4.10; Ezek 34.11) ; the Hound of Heaven; Lk 19.10; first recorded question by Jesus, "What do you seek?" (Jn 1.38) ; Lk 15.20, the father ran to his son; Mt 27.51, curtain torn from top to bottom; Rev 20.11, no place was found for them to escape Him |
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Verses 11-19 form a chiasmus |
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Ge 3:12–13 The Blame Game |
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-Adam (blamed God and eve; Gen 3.12) -Eve (blamed the serpent; Gen 3.13) -Aaron (blamed Moses, the fire, and the gold; Ex 32.23-24) -Saul (blamed the Samuel, God, and the people; 1Sam 15.21) |
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"These punishments represent retaliatory justice. Adam and Eve sinned by eating; they would suffer in order to eat. She manipulated her husband; she would be mastered by her husband. The serpent destroyed the human race; he will be destroyed" (John F. Walvoord et al., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Ge 3:14–19) |
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Ge 3:15 Annihilation or Assimilation |
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1Jn 3.8; Ps 91.13; Rom 11.26; Rom 16.20; Rev 12.4; Ps 83.4; Esther 3.6; Frederick the Great (1712-86), a skeptic, once asked his chaplain, "Can you give me any good evidence that God exists?" The chaplain answered, "Yes, the Jews!"
Satan has tried to annihilate Israel to no avail (so he attempted to assimilate, Dt 20:16-18, Nu 25.1, Neh 4.11/6.2) . The powerful Pharaoh tried it and failed (all male children). Even ten plagues were not enough to convince him to stop (Feast of Passover). Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, gave it a shot, as well as Assyria. Persia produced Haman (Purim). And, of course, Antiochus Epiphanes, the king of Syria, failed in his attempt, resulting in the celebration of Chanukah. Then there was the Roman army in the first century and the Crusaders in the 11th century, just to name a few more. There were expulsions of Jews from England in 1290, France in 1306 and 1394, Hungary in 1349, Austria in 1421, Germany in the 14th and 16th centuries, Lithuania in 1445, Spain in 1492, Portugal in 1497, Bohemia and Moravia in 1744, among others. And throughout history there have been numerous pogroms, mass killings, threats, etc. The year 1948 should have opened up a new era for Jews. Only three years after the closest attempt at total Jewish annihilation (Holocaust), where two out of every three Jewish babies, teenagers, adults and elderly were given a bullet in the head, purposeful starvation, disease, burial alive/dead in a pit with fellow Jewish townspeople or gas chambers, one would think the world would put the idea of Jewish destruction to rest, at least for a while. No way! Hence, another opportunity arose. Put the Jews into a barren little place that no one really wants except them. Every one of the countries surrounding this barren wasteland hates Jews with a passion. So, either the cruel desert will kill them or the Arabs will. Only this time, the Europeans won't have to lend a "bloody" hand. Europe certainly knew that after a Jewish state was declared, all surrounding Arab countries would attack the army-less Jews immediately. Survival would be impossible, just through sheer numbers. In fact, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and Saudi Arabia invaded this pathetic group of already emaciated Jews struggling for survival. Azzam Pasha, secretary general of the Arab League boldly declared, "This will be a war of extermination."
Jewish Hatred and Murder Attempts on the Life of Jesus Christ: Matthew 2:16 - As a child Herod tried to kill Him. Matthew 12:14, Mark 3:6 - Pharisees held a council with the Herodians to discuss destroying Jesus because He healed a man on the Sabbath day. Luke 4:28-30 - Attempted to throw Him off the hill because of His sermon. John 5:16 - The Jews persecuted Jesus and sought to kill Him for healing the impotent man on the Sabbath day. John 5:18 - Jews sought to kill Jesus because He claimed equality with God. John 7:30-32 - The Jewish plot to arrest Jesus with intent to kill Him for claiming He was from God. John 7:25 - It was common knowledge that the Jews sought to kill Jesus. John 7:40-44 - Some people desired to arrest Jesus with intent to kill Him. John 8:59 - Jews attempted to kill Jesus by stoning Him for claiming that He was God. John 10:31 - The Jews again attempt to kill Jesus by stoning for claiming His Deity. John 10:39 - The Jews sought to take Jesus for proving His Deity. John 11:47 - The chief priests and Pharisees plot against Jesus. John 11:53-54 - The Jews make a determined effort to kill Jesus. John 11:55-57 - The Jews sought Jesus even at the Passover Feast. John 12:9-11 - The Jews even desire to kill Lazarus because of their hatred for Jesus. John 18:3, 10, 12 - Jesus was arrested by Jewish soldiers. John 18:13-14 - Jesus was tried by Jewish leaders who had already decided on his guilt. John 18:36 - Jesus acknowledges that it was the Jews who would kill Him. John 18:38-40, 19:1-7, 12-15 - The Jews are adamant in their desire to kill Jesus. John 19:11 - Jesus acknowledges a lesser and a greater sin in those who condemned Him to death. John 19:16-18 - The Jews led Jesus away to be crucified. |
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Ge 3:16 Male Headship in the Home |
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Ten Reasons Showing Male Headship in Marriage Before the Fall (Wayne Grudem): 1. The Order: Adam was created first, then Eve (Genesis 2:7, 18-23). 2. The representation: Adam, not Eve, had a special role in representing the human race. 1 Cor. 15:22: For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. 3. The naming of woman: Adam named Eve: Gen. 2:23: 4. The naming of the human race: (Gen 5:1-2) God named the human race “Man,” not “Woman” or “Humanity” 5. The Primary Accountability: God spoke to Adam first after the Fall. (Gen 3:9) 6. The purpose: Eve was created as a helper for Adam, not Adam as a helper for Eve. Gen 2:18: “Then the Lord God said, “It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him helper (Hebrew ‘ezer) fit for him” (Genesis 2:18). 7. The Conflict: The curse brought a distortion of previous roles, not the introduction of new roles. Gen. 3:16 To the woman he said, "I will surely multiply your pain in childbearing; in pain you shall bring forth children. Your desire shall be for [or: against] (teshuqah + el) your husband, and he shall rule over you." (see same words on Gen. 4:7) 8. The Restoration: Salvation in Christ reaffirms the creation order. (Col 3:18-19) 9. The Mystery: Marriage from the beginning of creation was a picture of the relationship between Christ and the church. (Eph 5:31) 10. The parallel with the Trinity: The equality, differences, and unity between men and women reflect the equality, differences and unity in the Trinity (1Cor 11.3, 7-9, male headship [economic subordination]; 1Cor 11.11-12, ontological equality) |
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Gen 4.18, from Enoch to Lamech ; we have attempted to circumvent this with the epidural |
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The difference between what creation could be and what it is, is the difference between Jesus and you; Rom 8.19-22; Jesus reversed the curse--His death reconciled us to God; all creation is subject to the curse, but the curse will be lifted (Rev 22.3); he had a choice to listen to the Creator or the created |
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Heb 6.8, unproductive land a result (and picture) of disobedience; Mt 5.16 |
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Gen 2.17, God told him he would die if he disobeyed; Ecc 12.7, dust returns to the earth; Ps 104.29; Ps 146.4 |
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2Cor 5.2, we long to be clothed in righteousness; Gen 12.1 and Gen 15.17, God called Abram to be for Himself, and then performed the work alone ; 2Cor 5.21, we took on Christ's covering, and He took ours; Lk 18.13, tax collector understood his need to be clothed by God; Note, God made it clear that it was not by man's effort that man would ever reach God, but God had to make a way for He Himself to reach man; we don't approach God on our terms...we approach Him on His terms (Gen 17.19); this may very well be the first living creature to die (see Gen 1.30 and Gen 9.3); 2Cor 5.18-19, God did the reconciling |
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Plurality of God; Rev 22.14, tree of life; an act of grace |
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Ge 3:24 Discipline |
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Genesis on Discipline 1. God set boundaries 2. God looked for them after the disobedience 3. God had them confess 4. God established a punishment/enforced standards 5. God provided a remedy 6. God deterred future violations |
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Sin/Satan is constantly seeking dominion over you: Rom 6.12 ; Gen 3.16 ; Job 1.11; Lk 22.31; Ps 19.13 |
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Brothers in conflict: Cain and Abel, Jacob and Esau, Joseph and Reuben, Jesus and His siblings--older passed over in favor of younger |
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Nu 35.33, human blood pollutes the land; Gen 18.21, the outcry of Sodom and Gomorrah came to God |
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Top chapter in ratio of Wayyiqtol to Perfect/Waw Perfect/Imperfect, LHB (as well as top aorist in ratio to other verbs, Rahlfs LXX); Methuselah and Lamech both knew Adam and Shem |
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"At the end, The Blessed will say, 'We have never lived anywhere except in Heaven.' The lost, 'We were always in Hell.' Both will speak truly." (C.S. Lewis); Jude 14-15, prophecy of Enoch |
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God does not always strive with mankind: Ps 103.9 ; Is 55.6 ; 2Pet 3.9 ; 2Cor 6.2 ; Acts 13.46 ; Rom 1.28-31 |
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The heart is evil: Gen 8.21; Jer 17.9; Mt 15.19 |
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Sometimes God regrets what He did: 1Sam 15.35 (although, regret may not mean the same to God as it does to us); see also Jonah 3.10 and Jer 18.7-10 ; James 1.17, God does not change; Jer 15.6, God was tired of relenting (nacham) |
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God Repented: -Gen 6:6, The LORD was sorry that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart. -Exod 32:14, So the LORD changed His mind about the harm which He said He would do to His people. -1 Sam 15:35, Samuel did not see Saul again until the day of his death; for Samuel grieved over Saul. And the LORD regretted that He had made Saul king over Israel. -2 Sam 24:16, When the angel stretched out his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who destroyed the people, “It is enough! Now relax your hand!” And the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. -Isa 49:13, Shout for joy, O heavens! And rejoice, O earth! Break forth into joyful shouting, O mountains! For the LORD has comforted His people And will have compassion on His afflicted. -Isa 51:3, Indeed, the LORD will comfort Zion; He will comfort all her waste places. And her wilderness He will make like Eden, And her desert like the garden of the LORD; Joy and gladness will be found in her, Thanksgiving and sound of a melody. -Isa 52:9, Break forth, shout joyfully together, You waste places of Jerusalem; For the LORD has comforted His people, He has redeemed Jerusalem. -Jer 20:16, But let that man be like the cities Which the LORD overthrew without relenting, And let him hear an outcry in the morning And a shout of alarm at noon; -Jer 26:13, “Now therefore amend your ways and your deeds and obey the voice of the LORD your God; and the LORD will change His mind about the misfortune which He has pronounced against you. -Jer 26:19, “Did Hezekiah king of Judah and all Judah put him to death? Did he not fear the LORD and entreat the favor of the LORD, and the LORD changed His mind about the misfortune which He had pronounced against them? But we are committing a great evil against ourselves.” -Amos 7:3, The LORD changed His mind about this. “It shall not be,” said the LORD. -Amos 7:6, The LORD changed His mind about this. “This too shall not be,” said the Lord GOD. -Jonah 3:10, When God saw their deeds, that they turned from their wicked way, then God relented concerning the calamity which He had declared He would bring upon them. And He did not do it. -Zech 1:17, “Again, proclaim, saying, ‘Thus says the LORD of hosts, “My cities will again overflow with prosperity, and the LORD will again comfort Zion and again choose Jerusalem.” ’ ” |
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2Chr 16.9, God's eyes are looking for those whose heart is completely His (notice Gen 6.22, Noah did all that God commanded him to do) |
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Which is why in Gen 6.8, Noah found favor in the eyes of the LORD |
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Ex 24.16-18, 7 days and 40 days/nights with Moses ; "In the same way that Jesus closely associated the literal truth about Himself with that of Jonah (Mt 12.40) , He also connected the truth of His literal second coming (cf. Acts 1:10, 11) to the literal truth about Noah’s flood. He said, 'The coming of the Son of Man will be just like the days of Noah' (Matt 24:37). Both the content and emphasis of these comparisons reveal that Jesus believed in the historicity of those Old Testament events (see Jn 3.12 ) " (Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, Rev. and expanded. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1986), 60) |
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Mt 24.37 and Mt 25.10, the last days like the days of Noah, the door was shut |
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Josh 2.19, a clear distinction between who is safe and who is not; 1Jn 5.12; Acts 27.31 |
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Key work in this chapter is "rest" |
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Heb 11.7-8, "That God does reward those who seek Him is suggested by the career of Noah who became an heir of righteousness by faith. What he inherited was, in fact, the new world after the Flood as the readers might inherit “the world to come” (cf. 2:5; you could say the same of Abraham."(Zane C. Hodges, Hebrews, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 808) |
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The heart is evil, Gen 6.5; Jer 17.9 ; Mt 15.19 |
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Rom 14.2, some insist on eating vegetables only; Gen 1.29-30 , God had given them plants for food |
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Gen 2.17, Adam was given one prohibition, also; Acts 15.20 |
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Rom 13.4, institution of government |
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Gen 11.4 ("and let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be dispersed over the face of the whole earth") |
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Five generations after the flood...Babel |
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Dt 6.18-19; Nu 33.51-54, the Canaanites would prepare the promised land for his brother to take over later (Gen 17.8; Dt 20.11, serve-avad); see also Gen 15.18-21, 1Chr 1.13-16 and Dt 7.1 (Canaan's family prepares the land for the Israelites); Lev 18.3-20 describes the moral depravity of the Canaanites; Solomon would use the Canaanites as forced laborers (1K 9.20-21) ; Josh 9.23 |
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Gen 36.9, Esau; Secular, worldly greatness comes swifter than spiritual greatness |
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Ge 11:1–9 Chiasmus |
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Verses 1-9 forms a Chiasmus (people coming together, building, the LORD comes down, stops the building, and disperses the people); Ezra 9, how soon the world can bring down the righteous (early descendants of Noah) |
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Gen 9.7 ("increase greatly on the earth and multiply in it"); Make "ourselves" a name, rather than God making their name great (Gen 12.2); occured 5 generations after the flood |
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Plurality of God |
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"The undoing of Babel was cleverly explained by Zephaniah, whose terms certainly retraced this event, anticipating the great unification in the millennial kingdom, when everyone will speak one pure language and worship in God’s holy mountain, being gathered from the nations into which they have been dispersed (Zeph. 3:9-11). The miracle at Pentecost (Acts 2:6-11) was a harbinger of that yet-future event" (John F. Walvoord et al., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Ge 11:5–9) |
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"This section (11:10–26) forms another transition in the book, narrowing the choice from the line of Shem to Abram. This list traces the line from Noah to Abram within the blessings of prosperity and posterity (whereas chap. 5 traced the line from Adam to Noah and the Flood). God would not leave the world to an expanding and divided population under the curse without hope; He would select a man and build a nation that would provide blessing for the earth" (Allen P. Ross, "Genesis", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 25) |
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Many historians were not convinced that society during the time of Abraham operated under a universal code of ethics, until Hammurabi's Code was discovered (Hammurabi, king of Babylon, 1792-1750 BCE). This artifact pointed to a well-developed system of jurisprudence and demonstrated that literary skills during that time had reached a remarkably advanced stage; Terah was an idolater, worshiping other gods (Josh. 24:2) |
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Abrahamic Covenant: Dt. 30:1-10-land, 2 Sam. 7:10-16-seed, Jer. 31:31-40-blessing; the Law, later given, did not nullify this covenant, because the covenant was a promise (Gal 3.17-18) |
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Gen 3.21 and 15.17 ; Note, God made it clear that it was not by man's effort that man would ever reach God, but God had to make a way for He Himself to reach man (covenant with Abram); Abraham was also told to go in Gen 22.2 ; Acts 7.2-4, he was told to go while in Ur |
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Gen 11.4, others attempted to make a name for themselves |
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John 10.16, other sheep; this is the gospel (Gal 3.8) ; Nu 24.9 and 22.6, blessed are all who bless you, cursed are all who curse you; fulfills Acts 1.8, to the remotest parts of the earth; If Israel had not slaughtered the Canaanites in Josh 6.21, all nations of the earth would NOT have been blessed through them; the Gospel, according to Gal 3.8 |
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Why did Abram take Lot, when he was supposed to leave his relatives? |
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Ge 12:10 Trusting God |
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Others who did not trust God: Jacob Moses (Exodus 4:13) Zechariah (Lk 1.18)
Parallelism between this sojourn of Abram in Egypt and the later event in the life of the nation in bondage in Egypt: the famine in the land (12:10; 47:13) the descent to Egypt to sojourn (12:10; 47:27) the attempt to kill the males but save the females (12:12; Ex. 1:22) the plagues on Egypt (Gen. 12:17; Ex. 7:14-11:10) the spoiling of Egypt (Gen. 12:16; Ex. 12:35-36) the deliverance (Gen. 12:19; Ex. 15) the ascent to the Negev (Gen. 13:1; Num. 13:17, 22) (John F. Walvoord et al., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Ge 12:4–9.) |
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Gen 36.6-8, not enough land for two |
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Like the three tribes in Nu 32.1, Lot "saw" a better place, and chose it over God's choice |
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"Abram was told to lift up (nāśā’) his eyes … and look (rā’âh, v. 14; cf. v. 10), which Lot did on his own. Abram was waiting for God to give him the land; Lot just took it. God restated that He would give the land to Abram as a possession. Better that God give it than that someone take it" (Allen P. Ross, "Genesis", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 52); Nu 32.1-5, the two and a half tribes made the same mistake as Lot (they saw the land...that it was indeed a place suitable for livestock); Abram also waited for the better in the next chapter, Gen 14.21-24 |
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Heb 11.24-26, Moses considered the reproach of Christ greater than the treasures of Egypt; 1Cor 9.12, Paul did not take from others; Abram also waited for better in Gen 13.14-15 |
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Abraham assumed that since he had no children, his chief servant, Eliezer of Damascus, would be his heir. The Nuzi Tablets, which reflect the Mesopotamian customs in the period of ca. 2000-1500 B.C., show that it was not uncommon for a childless couple to adopt a slave. He would care for his foster parents and become their heir. But if the parents later had a son, the real son would be the chief heir (cf. Gen. 15:4). The marital customs in the Nuzi Tablets illuminate Sarah’s decision to give her handmaid Hagar to Abraham as her substitute (Gen. 16:2-3; Rachel and Leah did the same in Gen. 30:3,9). The custom at that time was that a barren wife would provide a slave for her husband to bear children. A son born in this way was not to be expelled, and this clarifies Abraham’s reluctance to comply with Sarah’s demand in Genesis 21:9-11. (Ken Boa, Bible Companion Handbook) |
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Rom 10.10; logizomai in Greek, as in Rom 4.5 ; The basis of salvation is the death of Christ, the means is faith, the object is God, but the contents of that faith changes as time goes by and it becomes more and richer. The more knowledge you have, the more accountable you are. The more you know spiritual truth, the more accountable you will be; 1Pet 1.21, your faith and hope are in God; the righteousness that God requires is that righteousness which His righteousness requires Him to require; Rom 4.23-24, this was written for our sake, also |
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Ge 15:6 Reckon, Consider |
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-Is 53.4, Surely our griefs He Himself bore, And our sorrows He carried; Yet we ourselves ESTEEMED Him stricken, Smitten of God, and afflicted. (chashav in LHB, logizomai in LXX) -1 Kings 10:21, All King Solomon’s drinking vessels were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold. None was of silver; it was not CONSIDERED valuable in the days of Solomon. (chashav in LHB, logizomai in LXX) -Prov 17:28, Even a fool, when he keeps silent, is CONSIDERED wise (chashav in LHB, logizomai in LXX) -Isa 53:3, He was despised and forsaken of men, A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; And like one from whom men hide their face He was despised, and we did not ESTEEM Him. (chashav in LHB, logizomai in LXX) -Ps 32.2, How blessed is the man to whom the LORD does not IMPUTE iniquity, And in whose spirit there is no deceit! (chashav in LHB, logizomai in LXX) -Psalm 106:30–31, Then Phinehas stood up and interposed, And so the plague was stayed. 31 And it was RECKONED to him for righteousness, To all generations forever (chashav in LHB, logizomai in LXX) |
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Jer 34.18, cut the animal in two |
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Gen 2.21, a sleep fell upon him |
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Ge 15:17 Covenant |
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Covenant: a contract or agreement between two parties. In the Old Testament the Hebrew word berith is always thus translated. Berith is derived from a root which means “to cut,” and hence a covenant is a “cutting,” with reference to the cutting or dividing of animals into two parts, and the contracting parties passing between them, in making a covenant. Note here, Abram was not required to pass between the divided animals. It was an unconditional covenant. (See also 3.21 and 12.1). |
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see also 1Chr 1.13-16 and Dt 7.1 (Canaan's family prepares the land for the Israelites; Gen 9.25 and Gen 17.8 ); Lev 18.3-20 describes the moral depravity of the Canaanites |
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Getting ahead of God, Ex 2.12 and Gen 3.7; also see Ex 32.1-4 ; Mt 4.9, Jesus refused to get ahead of God |
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Here God sees; in Gen 21.17 God hears |
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Gen 9.25, the curse of Canaan; see also Gen 15.18-21, 1Chr 1.13-16 and Dt 7.1 (Canaan's family prepares the land for the Israelites); Lev 18.3-20 describes the moral depravity of the Canaanites |
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"The study of blood clotting factor levels in newborns has also shown that circumcision on the eighth day is the safest time in a male’s life to have this surgery" (John A. Bloom, “How Can Modern Medicine Relate to the Old Testament?,” ed. Ted Cabal et al., The Apologetics Study Bible: Real Questions, Straight Answers, Stronger Faith (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2007), 233.) |
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In the Old Testament, the firstborn son was the one who normally received a double inheritance, and was the one who would inherit his father’s role as head of the family. God sometimes reversed this order, as he did with Jacob and Esau (Genesis 25:21-26), and as Jacob later did with Ephraim and Manasseh (Genesis 48:13-22). Reuben was the firstborn of Jacob, but his rights as the firstborn were taken away because of his sin (Genesis 35:22; 49:3-4); Mt 26.39, "not as I will, but as You" |
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We don't approach God on our terms...we approach Him on His terms (Gen 3.21) |
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2Sam 24.24, these men gave where it hurt; Mal 1.8, they didn't give the best |
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Laughter of unbelief here, laughter of joy in Gen 21.6 |
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The bigger your God, the smaller your problems; the smaller your God, the bigger your problems; Jer 32.17; Nu 11.23 ; Is 59.1 ; Mt 19.26; Lk 1.37 ; Ex 14.13 ; Jer 32.27; 2K 3.18, this is a slight thing in the sight of the Lord; Ex 6.1, now you will see what I will do |
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All nations would be blessed through Abraham; therefore God told him that one city (Sodom) was to be removed before it had a chance to be blessed through him. |
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Eph 6.4, Fathers, bring up your children in the training and instruction of the Lord Josh 24.15, As for me and my household, we will serve the Lord 1K 1:6, His father (David) had never interfered with (hurt, pain, grieve) him (Adonijah) by asking, “Why do you behave as you do?” 1S 3.13, His (Eli’s) sons made themselves contemptible, and he failed to restrain (dim, darken, restrain) them. |
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Jer 9.24, God delights in Justice and Righteousness |
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Gen 4.10, Abel's blood was crying out to God from the ground |
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Mt 5.13, Christians are to confront culture, not adapt to it; Ezek 16.51, Israel ; Ezek 14.14, Jer 15.1, Even if Samuel, Moses, Noah, Daniel, or Job were to stand before God, His heart would not be with Israel; Ex 33.12-13 ; Ps 106.23 ; Ps 53.3 ; Nu 16.48 ; Nu 25.7-8 ; Neh 2.5, Nehemiah desired to rebuild the wall; "Mind the Gap"; Ps 106.30, Phinehas stood up and interposed; Ezek 22.30 |
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Judges 6.39, Gideon made the same plea; Gen 18.23-32, it would take 10 righteous to save Sodom; God couldn't find 10 righteous in Sodom, but He did rescue the three who were there (2Pet 2.7; Gen 19.29) |
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God refused to listen to Moses' plea, Dt 3.26 |
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Ge 19 Gates |
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Gates of Palestinian cities often had stone benches that would be used by the people as they engaged in business and legal transactions (see Ruth 4:1-2). The city gate was also a place of public proclamation (2 Sam. 18:24,33). (Ken Boa, Bible Companion Handbook) |
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Lot was a righteous man, oppressed (tormented, worn down) by the sensual conduct of unprincipled (lawless) men (2 Peter 2:7) |
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Lev 18 and 20; Rom 1 (v. 25, worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator); Parallels with Judges 19.22-24; 2Tim 3.4, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God -We shall spend the night in the square -Do not spend the night in the square; let me take care of your needs -Entered the house of the host; feasted -Men of City surrounded the House -Bring out the men/man that we may know them -Owner went out to them and said, "Please do not so wickedly" -"Let me bring (two women) out and do what seems good to you" -"Do nothing to this man/men" |
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"In ancient Israel, hospitality was not merely a question of good manners, but a moral institution which grew out of the harsh desert and nomadic existence led by the people of Israel. The biblical customs of welcoming the weary traveler and of receiving the stranger in one's midst was the matrix out of which hospitality and all its tributary aspects developed into a highly esteemed virtue in Jewish tradition. Biblical law specifically sanctified hospitality toward the ger ("stranger") who was to be made particularly welcome "for you were strangers in a strange land" (Lev. 19:34 and see Ex. 12:49). Foreign travelers, although not protected by law (Deut. 15:3; 23:21), could count on the custom of hospitality" (http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0009_0_09260.html)
Judges 21.25, everyone does that which is right in their own eyes |
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If there is any doubt as to why God destroyed Sodom, it is settled in Jude 7 (indulged in gross immorality and went after strange flesh) |
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It was difficult to get Lot out of Sodom, and Sodom out of Lot’s family; 2Chr 30.10, the remnant of the northern kingdom mocked Hezekiah when he invited them to the Passover; see also Mt 27.39-44 (where Jesus was mocked) |
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Luke 17:33 (concerning Lot's wife), Whoever seeks to keep his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life will preserve it. |
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Gen 12.13, Gen 26.7, other lies |
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For the rest of their lives, Sarah and Abraham were reminded of their disbelief in God's power every time they called their son's name, Isaac (laughter) |
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Laughter of joy here, laughter of unbelief in Gen 18.12 |
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Here God hears; in Gen 16.13 God sees; “Go on your way, and God bless you, for it is not possible that the son of these tears should be lost” (Augustine, Confessions) |
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God opens eyes; Jn 9.6-7, 2K 6.20, Gen 21.19; Ps 146.8; Mt 9.30; Mt 20.33; Mk 8.25; Lk 24.31; Acts 26.18 |
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God tests (expecting a profitable outcome; Dt 8.2, God tests Israel); Satan tempts (expecting an unprofitable outcome); Adam and Eve hid when God came looking (Gen 3.8) , while Abraham said "Here I am" |
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Where the akedah took place, 2Chr 3.1, and 1Chr 21.15; Abraham was also told to "go" in Gen 12.1 (from and to) |
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"We" will come again to you; all Abraham knew was that (a) God planned the future around Isaac (Heb 11.19) , and (b) God wanted him to sacrifice Isaac. He could not reconcile the two, but he would obey anyway. That is faith (choosing to believe God in spite of feelings and experiences to the contrary) |
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Get even with God by being at peace with Him (Gen 32.25-26) |
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Looking forward to God's deliverance, Jer 32.9 and Heb 11.19 ; Dan 3.18, they were willing to subject their idea of blessing to God's idea of blessing, even to their own hurt (Ps 15.4) |
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Ge 22:10 Isaac, a type of Christ |
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Isaac was a type of Christ in that: 1. His Father was willing to sacrifice him 2. His Mother was past child-bearing age (as Mary was at the other end of the spectrum) 3. He was Abraham's only son (v. 2) 4. He carried the wood to the sacrifice 5. His father received him back from the dead 3 days after the death sentence (in type) 6. He was obedient to the point of death 7. Was offered on Mt. Moriah 8. He was the promised son |
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Mt 27.15-23, like Barabbas, Isaac represents us; a comedy, where all looks lost, and then at the last moment, a reversal of fortune |
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"A true worshiper of God holds nothing back from God but obediently gives Him what He asks, trusting that He will provide. The key idea of the entire passage is summarized in the name Abraham gave to the place: Yahweh Yir’eh, The LORD will provide (or, 'see'; v. 14). The explanation is, On the mountain of the LORD it will be provided (or, 'seen,' yera’eh, v. 14; cf. v. 8). This is the basis of a truth often repeated in the Old Testament: the Lord was to be worshiped in His holy mountain by the nation. 'Three times a year all the men [of Israel] are to appear [yera’eh, ‘be seen’] before the Sovereign LORD' to worship Him, bringing their offerings and sacrifices (Ex. 23:17; cf. Deut. 16:16). The Lord would see (ra’âh) the needs of those who came before Him, and would meet their needs. Thus in providing for them He would be 'seen.'" (Allen P. Ross, “Genesis,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, vol. 1 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 65)
Matthew 6:8, for your Father knows what you need before you ask Him. |
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Steven Wright: "I have a hobby. I have the world's largest collection of sea shells. I keep it scattered on beaches all over the world. Maybe you've seen some of it." |
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Rom 11.20, Isaac's blood line will be broken off because of unbelief, and the Gentiles will be grafted in through their belief (Gal 3.7); Rom 9.8, Jn 3.6, Dt 32.21 |
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This was the first indication that a transition was underway for Abraham and his descendants...from Mesopotamia to Canaan. |
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In this cave was buried not only Sarah but also Abraham (25:9), Isaac and his wife Rebekah, and Jacob and Leah (49:29-31; 50:13). |
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"Canaan was now Abraham’s new native land. But interestingly the only part of the Promised Land Abraham himself ever received he bought, and that was a burial cave. This first property of the patriarchs—a cave—bound them to the Promised Land. This was a real “occupation” of the land. There would never be a return to Mesopotamia. Later patriarchs would also die and be buried with their ancestors in Canaan. Abraham knew he could not exhaust God’s promise, so he made plans for the future. By buying the land for his dead, he was forced to realize that God’s promises do not end with this life. God will do far more than He has done in this life, which is the hope of all who die in faith" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 66). |
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Be separate, 2 Cor 6.14; Ezek 42.1; Ezek 11.12 ; Gen 28.1, Isaac gave the same instructions to Jacob |
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Gen 29.2, Jacob met Rachel at a well |
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"Girl" is parthenos in LXX |
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"Virgin" is parthenos in LXX, bethulah in MT |
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"Maiden" is parthenos in LXX, almah in MT |
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"Girl" is parthenos in LXX |
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The custom in the East has always been for the parents to select a bride for their son. Because of this, love normally followed marriage (Gen. 24:67), though there were exceptions (Gen. 29:10-18; Judg. 14:2). Once the bride was chosen, a deputy (“the friend of the bridegroom,” John 3:29) would negotiate the dowry to be paid for the woman (Gen. 29:18; 1 Sam. 18:25). The woman’s ten silver coins in the parable of the lost coin (Luke 15:8-9) was probably part of her marriage dowry. (Ken Boa, Bible Companion Handbook) |
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The elder would serve the younger (Ishmael and Isaac, Esau and Jacob, Zerah and Perez, Joseph and his brothers) |
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Hos 12.3 explains the name and name change |
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Jacob was actually the better hunter |
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Wisdom takes the long view (eternal); folly takes the short view (temporal) |
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There is a precedent in the Nuzi Tablets for Esau’s sale of his birthright to Jacob. Tablet N204 records the sale of inheritance rights by a man named Tupktilla to his brother Kurpazah for three sheep. Nuzi tablet P56 illuminates the importance of the oral blessing in the ancient Near East. This tablet shows that in patriarchal times, an oral blessing was legally binding. Once it was bestowed, it could not be revoked. This explains why Isaac could not change his blessing after he discovered he had been deceived (see Gen. 27:33-41). (Ken Boa, Bible Companion Handbook) |
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Land, seed, blessing |
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More lies, Gen 12.13 ; Gen 20.2 and 12 |
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Mk 4.8, a hundredfold blessing |
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Keep trying until God gives you peace (Acts 16.6, 1 Sam 17.40) |
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Joseph (Gen 39:3, "his master saw that the Lord was with him"; Gen 41:38, "a man in whom the spirit of God is"); Daniel (Dan 6:3, "an excellent spirit was in him"); Caleb, Nu 14.24; Joshua, Nu 27.18 |
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Gen 28.8-9, bringing grief to parents by choice of spouse |
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"Reliance on one’s senses for spiritual discernment not only proves fallible, but often fouls up life unduly" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 73); Ironically, Jacob was deceived by goat's blood in Gen 37.33 (Gal 6.7) ; "Love" in vv. 4 and 9 is phileo in the LXX; Joshua committed the same error in Josh 9.14; Prov 3.5-6 |
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It's obvious that Jacob was the better hunter; "Rebekah and Jacob won, though they gained nothing that God would not have given them anyway; and they lost. much. Yet God would work through their conniving. Their activities only succeeded in doing what God’s oracle had predicted. God’s program will triumph, often in spite of human activities" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 73) |
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Jacob got the top block; Karma, Gen 29.25, ramah (deceit) |
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Gen 36.6-8, Esau breaks away |
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The grudge lives on, Nu 20.18 ; Obad 10 |
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Gen 24.3, Abraham gave the same instructions for Isaac |
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Gen 26.34-35 ; "Esau, trying to please his father, married a descendant of Abraham through Ishmael. Mahalath, a daughter of Ishmael, was thus a cousin of Esau. Ironically the unchosen son of Isaac married into the unchosen line of Ishmael! So Esau tried to better his marital reputation by marrying a third wife. Esau had no understanding of the Abrahamic Covenant and its purity. He was still living on the human level" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 74) |
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Ge 28:12 Jacob's Ladder |
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Jesus referenced this “ladder” in John 1.51 when speaking of Himself (the Mediator between God and man, 1 Tim 2.5) |
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Land, seed, blessing |
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The fact that the meeting took place at a well is significant because a well was often associated with God’s blessing (cf. 16:13-14; 21:19; 26:19-25, 33) (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 75); Gen 24.11, Rebekah found at the well |
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The wives of each of the first three patriarchs were beautiful: Sarah (12:11), Rebekah (24:15-16), and Rachel (29:17). Furthermore, Rachel, like Sarah and Rebekah before her, was barren (v. 31; cf. 16:1; 25:21) (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 75-76) |
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This bears out in Gen 33.2, where he sends Leah ahead of Rachel when encountering Esau |
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Gal 6.7; "Jacob had deceived his own brother and father, and now was deceived by his mother’s brother! Twenty years (31:38) of drudgery, affliction, and deception lay ahead. Through Laban he received his own medicine of duplicity. He had deceptively presented himself to his father under the guise of Esau the firstborn; now Leah the firstborn was deceptively introduced to him under the guise of Rachel the younger" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 75-76) |
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Karma, Gen 27.35, ramah (deceit) |
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All of Jacob's sons (minus Benjamin) were born outside the promised land; all Jesus' disciples were from Galilee except for Judas (who was from Kerioth, which was probably in the region of Moab) |
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Reuben (re’ûḇēn)--the Lord had seen my misery (rā’âh be‘ōnyî) |
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"Simeon was so named because the Lord heard (šāma‘) that Leah was not loved. “God heard” was her testimony in faith to His provision (cf. “Ishmael,” which means “God hears,” 16:15)" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 76) |
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"Levi was named for her hope that her husband would become attached (yillāweh) to her, but it was not to be" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 76) |
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"Judah was her consolation; she would be satisfied to praise (’ôḏeh) the Lord, for Judah means “let Him be praised” (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 76) |
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Joseph asked the same of his brothers in Gen 50.19 (see also 2K 5.7) |
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Gen 31.12 explains why Jacob wanted these particular animals |
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"Jacob later admitted (31:7-12) that God intervened to fulfill the expectations" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 77) |
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Job 1.12 , God has to give permission to Satan to act |
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So, Jacob asked for these in Gen 30.32 |
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Ge 31:19 Teraphim |
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"To have the teraphim may have meant the right to inheritance (the 15th century BC Nuzi tablet G51 reveals that the teraphim signified rule over the family and title to the family’s property); it certainly meant Laban was without what he thought was his protection. This is why Laban pursued Jacob. It was one thing for Jacob to take his flocks and family; but his gods too? Perhaps Jacob would try to steal back to Haran someday and claim all of Laban’s estate. Laban was anxious to recover them for his own sons (Gen. 31:1,30). Failing to find the gods, Laban later, vv. 43-53, made a treaty to keep this troublesome man out of his territory" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 78; Ken Boa, Bible Companion Handbook) |
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God removed his options (couldn't go back-Gen 31.52, couldn't go forward-Gen 32.7); Job 2.6; Lk 15.14 |
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2Cor 12.10, Paul realized when he stopped trusting in his physical and mental strength, and began trusting in God, he was strong (Mt 5.3); Acts 5.38-39, you can't win a fight against God; "When God touched the strongest sinew of the wrestler, it shriveled, and with it Jacob’s persistent self-confidence also shriveled. His carnal weapons were lame and useless; they failed him in his contest with God. What he had surmised for the past 20 years now dawned on him: he was in the hands of the One against whom it is useless to struggle. After this crippling touch, Jacob’s struggle took a new direction. Now crippled in his natural strength he became bold in faith" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 81); get even with God by being at peace with Him (Gen 22.8); God had to take his possessions, family, and health before he got his attention (like Job) |
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He came to himself (and realized his deficiency), Lk 15.17 and Mt 5.3 |
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"To save him from the hand of his brother, it was necessary that God should first meet him as an enemy, and show him that his real opponent was God Himself, and that he must first of all overcome Him before he could hope to overcome his brother" (Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament, vol. 1 (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1996), 196) |
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Orthodox Jews still refuse to eat the tendon of the hindquarter of animals. |
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Gen 29.18, Jacob loved Rachel, so he placed her last |
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Lev 10.19—Aaron’s sons die, Nu 12:14—Miriam, Jonah 4:11—Nineveh; "Jacob had made a commercial connection with Shechem (33:19), but Dinah’s step toward social interaction had serious complications. Avoidance of the Canaanites would have been much safer" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 83) |
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Here in the LXX, "loved" is agapay and "young woman" is parthenos (ἠγάπησεν τὴν παρθένον) |
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"While the sons were filled with grief and fury, Jacob was passive and could not pull things together. Perhaps if Dinah were his daughter by Rachel rather than by Leah, he would have acted differently" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 83.) |
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Jacob knew that God was going to give him the land anyway. |
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"In this story the instinct of Simeon and Levi was correct, but because of their unbridled passion they were later passed over in Jacob’s blessing (Gen. 49:5-7)" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 83-84) |
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Rhetoric: Lev 10.19—Aaron’s sons die, Nu 12:14—Miriam, Jonah 4:11—Nineveh |
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Benjamin was the only son of Jacob born in Canaan--the others were born outside the land in Paddan Aram; Esau's sons were born in Canaan and moved out (Gen 36.6-8) |
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Gen 27.40 ; Gen 13.6-12 ; Esau's sons were born in Canaan and moved out, while Benjamin was the only son of Jacob born in Canaan--the others were born outside the land in Paddan Aram (Gen 35.18) |
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"Unlike Esau, Jacob had no “chiefs” or kings (35:11) yet, no lands to govern, and no full tribes. He was a sojourner. Delitzsch pertinently remarked that secular, worldly greatness comes swifter than spiritual greatness (A New Commentary on Genesis, 2:238). A promised spiritual blessing demands patience and faith. Waiting while others prosper is a test of one’s faithfulness and perseverance" (Allen P. Ross, “Genesis,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, vol. 1 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 86.); Secular, worldly greatness comes swifter than spiritual greatness (Gen 10.8, Nimrod) |
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Abel, Abraham, Isaac, Rachel, Jacob, Jacob’s sons, Zipporah, Moses, and David were all shepherds
The shepherd’s work was a livelihood that called for diligence and endurance; dealt with inclement weather, substandard lodging, and the threat of dangerous animals intent on preying on the flock. A staff was used to control the movement of the flock, and a rod was used to ward off enemies (Ps. 23:4) |
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Joseph: most perfect type of Christ in the Old Testament 1. Hated and ridiculed without a cause, Gen. 37:4, 8, 19; John 15:25; John 15:18-19, they will hate you, also Mt. 5:11-12 2. Plotted against, Gen. 37:20, John 11:53 3. Stripped of his robe, Gen. 37:23; John 19:23–24 4. Sold for silver, Gen. 37:28 ; Matt. 26:14–16 5. Lied about, Gen. 39: 14; Matt. 26:61 6. Placed in captivity with two guilty men, Gen. 40:1–3; Luke 23:32–33 7. Unrecognized by his own, Gen. 42:8; John 1:11 8. Like Moses and Christ, not accepted until his second appearance (Gen 45.15; Zech 12.10; Acts 7.35-37) 9. Neither did the brothers have power over Joseph (God sent him to Egypt), nor did Pilate have power over Christ (God sent him there), Gen 45.8 and Jn 19.11, 10. Joseph saved his people physically, like Jesus did spiritually, Gen 47.25 and Lk 19.10 11. “Do what he tells you”, Gen 41.55 and Jn 2.5 12. All bow before him, Gen 42.6, Phil 2.10 |
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Rev 12.1, sun, moon, 12 stars |
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Ishmaelites were descendants of Abraham by Hagar (16:15). Midianites (37:28) descended from Abraham by his concubine Keturah (25:2) |
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Seed of Israel planted in Egypt and would later be born out of the womb of Egypt |
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Their use of goat’s blood is ironic, for the skins of a goat were used by Jacob to deceive his father (27:16). Jacob’s sin of years before had come back to haunt him (Gal 6.7) |
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Jacob and Joseph stories: Both begin with the Father being deceived and the brothers being treacherous (chaps. 27; 37) Both include a 20-year period of separation, with the younger brother in a foreign land. Both conclude with a reunion and reconciliation of the brothers (33:1–15; 45:1–15) |
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2Sam 12.23, David will go to his son |
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Gen 38 is top aorist by words, Rahlfs LXX |
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Ge 38:8 Mosaic Law on Levirate Marriage |
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Judah told his son Onan to marry Tamar, his brother’s widow. The Mosaic Law provided for Levirate marriage (Deut. 25:5-10; cf. Matt. 22:23-33), and this has a precedent in the Nuzi Tablets which record a father’s will that if his son dies, the widow should marry another of his sons. (Ken Boa, Bible Companion Handbook) |
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"Tamar felt she would have to take matters into her own hands if she were to be granted the rights of the Levirate custom. This system was later codified by Moses for the sake of preserving the name of the deceased (Deut. 25:5-10)" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 88) |
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"It is as if the oracle concerning Jacob’s ruling over his older brother (27:29) was being relived in the line of Judah. What was so significant was the connection with Judah’s dealing with Joseph (37:26-28). He and his brothers sold their younger brother into Egypt, thinking they could thwart God’s design that the elder brothers would serve the younger Joseph. Yet in Judah’s own family, despite his attempts to hinder Tamar’s marriage, God’s will worked out in a poignant confirmation of the principle that the elder would serve the younger" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 89) |
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Col 3.23, work as though for the Lord and not man |
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Ge 39:3 God's Servant in Worldly Authority |
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God put his servant in a position of worldly authority: Moses/Joseph (Gen 39:3, "his master saw that the Lord was with him"; Gen 41:38, "a man in whom the spirit of God is")--Egypt Nehemiah/Daniel (Dan 6:3, "an excellent spirit was in him")--Babylon Esther/Mordecai (Esther 10.3, “seeking the wealth of his people, and speaking peace to all his seed”)--Persia (also see Gen 21.22 and Gen 26.28, where the Philistines saw "the LORD has been with" Abraham and Isaac) |
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Ge 39:4 Stewardship/Overseer |
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1Cor 4.2 ; as Joseph was steward to Potiphar's possessions, so we are to God's. God will use our abilities later as Pharaoh did with Joseph in Gen 41.40; "No man appears in safety before the public eye unless he first relishes obscurity. No man is safe in speaking unless he loves to be silent. No man rules safely unless he is willing to be ruled. No man commands safely unless he has learned well how to obey" (Thomas a` Kempis, The Imitation of Christ (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, 1996), 36-37); Archaeological finds provide a background for the story of Joseph in Potiphar’s house. Egyptian papyrus documents show that the Canaanites were highly desirable as slaves in Egypt. Egyptian monuments refer to the overseer (merper) of large houses, a position which Joseph held. In addition, excavations at Tell el Amarna in central Egypt explain why Potiphar’s wife would speak to Joseph each day. In the floor plans of large houses, the storerooms in the back could only be reached by going through the inner chambers of the house. (Ken Boa, Bible Companion Handbook) |
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"after these events" could mean immediately, in 11 years, or anywhere in between |
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1Cor 6.18; Joseph remained loyal to God rather than yield to temptation at the first glimpse of his rise to power (unlike David, 2Sam 11.4); Prov 27.12 ; 2Tim 3.4, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God; 1Pet 4.2, we should not live for the lusts of men, but for the will of God; Prov 7.22, Joseph knew where this would lead |
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Other things to flee -2 Tim. 2:22, youthful lusts; Prov. 5:3-21, 6:20-35, 7:6-23, and 9:13-18 -1 Tim. 6:8-11, riches -1 Cor. 10:14, idolatry -1 Cor 6:18, immorality |
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Dan 2.27-28, it's not me, it's God; Pharaoh took note of Joseph, not because of Joseph qua Joseph, but because of God qua Joseph. What set Joseph apart from others is that Joseph himself recognized this (contra Nebuchadnezzar-Dan 4.31, Herod-Acts 12.22-23, and the king of Assyria-Is 10.12-19). |
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Nu 14:24, Caleb/Nu 27.18 , Joshua; Dan 6:3, Daniel; Nu 25.11, Phinehas; Acts 11:24, Barnabas; also see Gen 21.22 and Gen 26.28, where the Philistines saw "the LORD has been with" Abraham and Isaac |
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Ps 105.16-22 ; Mt 24.45, faithful and sensible slave |
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Esther 6.11, Mordecai; Dan 2.48, Daniel |
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Ge 41:46 Ambassadorship |
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2 Cor 5.20 ; we are ambassadors of Christ, as Joseph was Pharaoh's ambassador; According to Gen 37.2, Joseph was at least 17 when he was sold to the Ishmaelites. Gen 41.1 states two years passed between the time of Joseph interpreting his cellmates' dreams and his release from prison. He was 30 when he entered the service of Pharaoh. Therefore, Joseph went to prison and interpreted his cellmates' dreams between age 17 and 28, released two years later, and entered Pharaoh's service at 30 (2-13 years in prison). |
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God both saved and destroyed Egypt with a Hebrew, here and Ex 14.30 ; Alexander the Great "accorded to the Jews in Alexandria the same rights as its Greek inhabitants enjoyed, and so raised them to the rank of the privileged classes. Henceforth their numbers and their influence grew under successive rulers. We find them commanding Egyptian armies, largely influencing Egyptian thought and inquiry, and partially leavening it by the translation of the Holy Scriptures into Greek...There can be no doubt that, in the Providence of God, the location of so many Jews in Alexandria, and the mental influence which they acquired, were designed to have an important bearing on the later spread of the Gospel of Christ among the Greek-speaking and Grecian-thinking educated world. In this, the Greek translation of the Old Testament was also largely helpful. Indeed, humanly speaking, it would have scarcely been possible without it. At the time of Philo the number of Jews in Egypt amounted to no less than one million...The supervision of navigation, both by sea and river, was wholly entrusted to them. In fact, the large export trade, especially in grain—and Egypt was the granary of the world—was entirely in their hands. The provisioning of Italy and of the world was the business of the Jews." (Alfred Edersheim, Sketches of Jewish Social Life in the Days of Christ (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2003), 208) |
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Job was blessed in the latter days more than his beginning, Job 42.12 |
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Jn 2.5, do what He tells you to do |
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God grew Israel in Egypt because they would have mingled with the Canaanites and died out in Canaan (Gen 43.32); Here they would go into isolation and multiply without losing their identity. |
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Gen 37.7-10; Phil 2.10, Joseph was a type of Christ |
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Jn 1.10-11, the world did not recognize him, and His own did not receive Him |
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Zech 12.10-11, They will look on Me whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over Him like the bitter weeping over a firstborn. In that day there will be great mourning in Jerusalem; Rev 1.7, Behold, He is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him; and all the tribes of the earth will mourn over Him |
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Ruth 2.16, Boaz did the same for Ruth |
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"Interestingly Judah was the one who had come up with the plan to sell Joseph to Egypt (37:26-27). Now he had to negotiate with his father in order to get Benjamin to see Joseph" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 93) |
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Benjamin was his full brother, not like the rest of them (half brothers) |
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There are “no less than 39,917,000 different orders (permutations) in which eleven individuals could have been seated.” (Henry M. Morris. The Genesis Record. (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1962) p. 93). |
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Joseph wanted to see if they had repented or would they throw Benjamin under the bus like they did Joseph. |
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Jesus' first and second advents |
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Jn 19.11, the brothers had no power over Joseph, only God did; Esther 4.14, who knows whether you have not attained royalty for such a time as this?; There are no accidents in the plan of Almighty God; Jn 18.37 and Mt 16.28, Jesus came to be king |
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Joseph, like Moses and Christ, were not accepted until their second appearance (Acts 7.35-37; Zech 12.10) |
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Others that did not believe, Acts 12.15; Lk 24.11 |
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The Dead Sea Scrolls make the number of the people of Jacob 75, not 70, in Genesis 46:27, thus correcting a scribal error and showing that Stephen’s figure was right (Acts 7:14). However, this may not be correcting a scribal error since the 70 figure is referring to the number of Jacob’s descendants previously listed in the Genesis 46. Thus, it could be excluding Jacob and his two wives and two concubines, which give the number 75 of which Stephen spoke. |
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Pharaoh blessed Jacob with physical blessing, but Jacob blessed Pharaoh spiritually |
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Joseph, a type of Christ, saved his people |
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"Jacob gave the birthright to Joseph by elevating Ephraim and Manasseh, Joseph’s sons (41:51-52), to the rank of firstborn sons, thus giving a double portion to Joseph. They thus replaced Reuben and Simeon, Jacob’s first two sons, born to Leah" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 97) |
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"For four consecutive generations this re-versed pattern was followed: Isaac over Ishmael, Jacob over Esau, Joseph over Reuben, and Ephraim over Manasseh" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 97) |
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"These oracles serve a purpose in the book similar to that of Noah’s oracles about his sons (Gen. 9:24-27). Both look ahead prophetically to the destinies of the sons at the end of their respective ages—Noah in the primeval days and Jacob in the patriarchal" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 99) |
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A reference to Reuben’s adultery with Jacob’s concubine Bilhah (35:22). |
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"Here was God’s moral judgment on their slaughter of the Shechemites (34:25-29). God distinguishes holy war from vengeance" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 98) |
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Is 42.1, He shall bring forth justice to the nations |
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There is deliverance...sometimes, it's just not instantaneous (Rom 8.25) ; “Though the mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceeding small; Though with patience He stands waiting, with exactness grinds He all." (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow) |
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Ge 50:2 Mummification |
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Mummification was practiced in Egypt by 2500 B.C. and was generally reserved for royalty, high officials, and the wealthy. First the organs were removed (except for the heart and kidneys) and placed in stone canopic jars. Then the body was dehydrated from 40 to 70 days with natron, a form of sodium carbonate. Next, the chest and abdominal cavities were stuffed with resin-soaked linen, and the body was treated with ointments, wrapped in linen, and placed in a painted wooden coffin. (Ken Boa, Bible Companion Handbook); "The embalming period was seldom less than a month and normally took 40 days. The Egyptians mourned for Jacob 70 days—two and one-half months—just two days short of the normal time of mourning for a Pharaoh. This showed the great respect the Egyptians had for Joseph" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 99–100) |
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Rom 12.19, vengeance is Mine; 1Sam 25.33 (David and Nabal), 2Sam 1.14 (death of Saul), 2Sam 3.39 (death of Abner), 2Sam 4.11 (death of Ish-bosheth); “Though the mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceeding small; Though with patience He stands waiting, with exactness grinds He all." (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow); Jacob asked the same of Rachel in Gen 30.2 ; Mt 7.1, Judge not |
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Ge 50:20 Suffering |
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Heb 12.11; only in Christianity does suffering have a redemptive value; 1Pet 4.14; He who is spiritual can perceive the hand of God in every event, and therefore is able to forgive those who wrong him; Acts 2.23, the crucifixion was meant for evil by the Jews and Gentiles, but God meant it for good; Job 1.12 viewed in the light of Job 42.12
"What would have happened in the history of the world if Jacob had not given Joseph a colorful coat? No coat, no jealousy. No jealousy, no treacherous sale of Joseph to Midianite traders. No sale of Joseph to Midianite traders, no descent into Egypt. No descent into Egypt, no meeting with Potiphar. No meeting with Potiphar, no trouble with his wife. No trouble with his wife, no imprisonment. No imprisonment, no interpretation of the dreams of Pharaoh. No interpretation of the dreams of Pharaoh, no elevation to the role of prime minister. No elevation to the role of prime minister, no reconciliation with his brothers. No reconciliation with his brothers, no migration of the Jewish people into Egypt. No migration into Egypt, no exodus out of Egypt. No exodus out of Egypt, no Moses, no law, no prophets—and no Christ! Do you think it was an accident in the plan of God that that coat happened? God meant it all for good" (R. C. Sproul, Does God Control Everything?, vol. 14, First edition., The Crucial Questions Series (Orlando, FL: Reformation Trust, 2012), 62–63) |
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God sets in Motion (Gal 6.9, for in due season we shall reap if we faint not) -Joseph, Gen 50.20 -The servant of Naaman's wife, 2K 5.2 (which led to Naaman's faith in v. 15) -The crucifixion was meant for evil by the Jews and Gentiles, but God meant it for good, Acts 2.23 -Job, Job 1.12 (viewed in the light of Job 42.12) -Esther, Esther 4.14 |
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Heb 11.22 ; Heb 11.13 ; Ex 13.19 |
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"Abraham lived to be 175 [25:7]; Isaac, 180 [35:28]; and Jacob, 147 [47:28]" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 100); "At the end of Genesis the family is not in the land of blessing but in Egypt. Man had traveled far from Eden to a coffin, and the chosen family far from Canaan to Egypt" (Allen P. Ross, "Genesis", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 24) |
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Ex 1:1 Exodus |
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Esau is not mentioned in Exodus MT; Narration 1-18, Legislation 19-40 ; It took one night to get Israel out of Egypt, forty years to get Egypt out of Israel; The first major world power was Egypt. In order to understand much of what was written at that time, we had to decipher hieroglyphics. This was impossible, until soldiers in Napoleon's army (while in Egypt) discovered a stone in 1799 (produced during the reign of Ptolemy V, c. 200 BCE). On this stone is an inscription written in three languages: Hieroglyphic, Demotic, and Greek. The information written on the Rosetta Stone eventually unlocked the mysterious Egyptian language, thanks to the efforts of French scholar Jean-Francois Champollion; Exodus stresses redemption and consecration. Its events took place during the 18th Egyptian Dynasty. |
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Ancient Rameses is located at Tell el-Dab‘a in the eastern Delta, approximately 100 km northeast of Cairo. In antiquity, the Pelusiac branch of the Nile flowed past the site, giving access to the Mediterranean. The reason why it took so long to find the city? It is hard work looking for mud bricks in mud. Rameses II (19th dynasty, 1304-1235 BCE) ruled for 65 years, and was one of the greatest of the pharaohs. He was a great builder, but somewhat of a plagiarist also. He occasionally claimed credit for the accomplishments of his predecessors. His mummy is in Cairo. His son Merneptah (1235-1220 BCE, mummy also in Cairo) is thought by some to be the pharaoh during the exodus (which would mean Rameses II was the great oppressor of Israel). In 1906, Sir Flinders Petrie found a slab of black syenite containing a record of Merneptah's victories, made in the 5th year of his reign. The word "Israel" occurs in the middle of the second line from the bottom. It says: "Plundered is Canaan. Israel is desolated; his seed is not. Palestine is become a widow for Egypt." Scholars who hold to the earlier exodus date consider this a reference to a raid of Merneptah's into Palestine some 200 years after Israel had settled in the land. The decline of Egypt began shortly after the 19th Dynasty, perhaps as a result of the plagues. Rameses III began the 20th dynasty.
"The date 1446 for the Exodus is based on 1 Kings 6:1 which says that Solomon commenced the construction of the temple in his fourth year, 966 b.c., which was 480 years after the Exodus" (Eugene H. Merrill, "Numbers", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 215) |
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"Moses discussed two forms of oppression in the reign of a Pharaoh in Egypt’s 18th dynasty: slave labor (vv. 8-14) and child extermination (vv. 15-22). God used these practices of the Pharaoh to stir up the people of God to desire deliverance from Egypt" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 108). It is possible God did the same with the holocaust. |
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Ex 1:12 Persecution |
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Acts 4.4; Persecution brings growth; Acts 8.4 ; In a recent article from The Economist (“Religion in China: Cracks in the Atheist Edifice,” 1 Nov 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21629218/print), with reference to the erosion of Christian faith in western Europe, a Beijing house-church elder was quoted as saying "If we get full religious freedom, then the church is finished." |
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"The delivery stool (lit., “two stools”) refers to the custom of mothers delivering their babies while sitting on two stones" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 109) |
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Acts 5.29, we must obey God rather than man; Dan 3.28 |
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Marrying an aunt would later be unlawful (Lev 18.12-14); Ex 2 is top Wayyiqtol by words, LHB (as well as #2 in ratio of Wayyiqtol to Perfect/Waw Perfect/Imperfect, LHB) |
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Later, in Nu 12.1-15, Miriam would murmur against Moses' leadership |
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If the monarch at this time was Thutmose I, the daughter may have been Hatshepsut |
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"Several women were involved in the events surrounding Moses’ birth: the midwives’ fear of God and their disobeying Pharaoh’s orders; the defiance of Moses’ mother; the compassion of the Egyptian princess, Pharaoh’s own daughter; and the availability of Moses’ own sister. Moses would later repudiate his Egyptian heritage, refusing “to be known as the son of Pharaoh’s daughter”" (Heb. 11:24–25) (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 110); 2Sam 22.17 (God drew David out of many waters), moshah, to draw out |
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Moses getting ahead of God, when he should have waited for God to prepare him (Acts 7.25; later, Ex 14.13, Moses had learned to wait); Gen 16.4 and Gen 3.7 ; Ex 11.8 and Ex 32.1-4 ; Nu 20.11 ; Mt 4.9, Jesus refused to get ahead of God |
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"The founder of these people was Midian, a son of Keturah, wife of Abraham, who sent them “to the land of the east” (Gen. 25:1–6)" (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 110) |
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God did the same to Joshua, Joshua 5.15 |
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God knew He would be using this scripture as the Son (Mt 22.32) |
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"The phrase a land flowing with milk means that Canaan was ideal for raising goats and cows. Feeding on good pastureland the goats, sheep, and cows were full of milk. Flowing with honey means that the bees were busy making honey. Milk and honey suggested agricultural prosperity" (John D. Hannah, “Exodus,” ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 112); John 14.2, "I go to prepare a place for you" |
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Note, God said nothing to Moses about bringing the people into the land. |
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Ex 3:11 Excuses, excuses |
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Ex 3.11, Who am I? Ex 3.13, What shall I say? Ex 4.1, What if they will not believe? Ex 4.10, I have never been eloquent Ex 4.13, Send the message by whomever You will (Ex 4.14, the anger of the LORD burned against Moses) Ex 4.24, the LORD sought to put Moses to death (circumcision) Ex 5.22, Why did You ever send me? Ex 6.12, I am unskilled in speech Ex 6.30, I am unskilled in speech (and then, in v. 14, God says "I AM WHO I AM") |
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I AM: Mt 14.27 ; Mt 24.5; Mk 6.50; Mk 13.6 ; Mk 14.62; Lk 22.70 ; Lk 24.39 ; Jn 4.26; Jn 6.20; Jn 8.24; Jn 8.28; Jn 8.58; Jn 13.13; Jn 13.19; Jn 18.5-8; |
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Mt 12.43-45 ; Dt 6.23 ; God called Israel from service to Pharaoh to service to Him (because left to their own devices, they would return to Egypt, like we return to the world); Lk 1.74, rescued to serve God
Bob Dylan, Gotta Serve Somebody You're gonna have to serve somebody, yes indeed You're gonna have to serve somebody, It may be the devil or it may be the Lord But you're gonna have to serve somebody. |
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Ex 11.2; back wages, and items to be used for the tabernacle |
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Ex 4:1 Believe |
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This chapter is over-represented with aman (heb-believe). |
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Jer 1.6, Jeremiah gave God the same excuse |
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Jn 16.13, God will disclose to His prophet what is to come; Go, as in Jonah 3.2 (Rom 10.15); 1Cor 2.4, my speech and preaching were not with the persuasiveness of wisdom, but with a demonstration of the Spirit and power |
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In the first three plagues Aaron used his staff (7:19–20; 8:5–6, 16–17), and in plagues seven and eight Moses used his own staff (9:23; 10:13) |
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Metonymy of the subject (see also 2Sam 12.9, David stuck down Uriah with the sword): "God provided the circumstances and the occasion for Pharaoh to be forced to make a decision. God sent Moses to place His demands before Pharaoh. Moses merely announced God’s instructions. God even accompanied His Word with miracles—to confirm the divine origin of the message (cf. Mark 16:20). Pharaoh made up his own mind to resist God’s demands. Of his own accord, he stubbornly refused to comply. Of course, God provided the occasion for Pharaoh to demonstrate his unyielding attitude. If God had not sent Moses, Pharaoh would not have been faced with the dilemma of whether to release the Israelites. So God was certainly the instigator and initiator. But He was not the author of Pharaoh’s defiance" (http://www.apologeticspress.org/apcontent.aspx?category=11&article=1205); God hardened Pharaoh’s heart (7:3; 9:12; 10:1,20,27; 11:10; 14:4,8), and the hearts of the Egyptians (14:17). Pharaoh hardened his own heart (8:15,32; 9:34), he refused to humble himself (10:3), and he was stubborn (13:15). The text uses the passive form to indicate that Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, without giving any indication as to the source (7:13,14,22; 8:19; 9:7,35). (1) God hardened Pharaoh’s heart; (2) Moses hardened Pharaoh’s heart; (3) the words that Moses spoke hardened Pharaoh’s heart; (4) Pharaoh hardened his own heart. All four of these observations are accurate, depicting the same truth from different perspectives; "The first two references to God’s hardening Pharaoh’s heart (4:21; 7:3) were actually predictions that He would do it in the future. Then in the next seven references Pharaoh is said to have hardened his own heart (7:13–14, 22; 8:15, 19, 32; 9:7) before God is said to have hardened it (9:12; 10:1, 20, 27; 11:10; 14:4, 8). God’s first hardening came after the sixth plague. Pharaoh hardened his own heart six times by his refusals. Then later he hardened it again in response to the seventh plague, and God hardened his heart after each of plagues 8–10. God confirmed Pharaoh’s defiant willful obstinance by then judicially hardening his heart (cf. Deut. 2:30; Josh. 11:20)" (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 114) |
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God will show Pharaoh Who He is with a series of object lessons (the ten plagues); it is the disposition of humans to be autonomous, independent, and arrogant |
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The martyrs said the same thing in Rev 6.10 |
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The bigger your God, the smaller your problems; the smaller your God, the bigger your problems; Jer 32.17; Nu 11.23 ; Is 59.1 ; Mt 19.26; Lk 1.37 ; Ex 14.13 ; Jer 32.27; 2K 3.18, this is a slight thing in the sight of the Lord |
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Gen 13.4; "He mainly appeared to them as God Almighty (’ēl šadday), the One who provides or sustains (cf. comments on Gen. 17:1). He had not displayed Himself to the patriarchs primarily by the name Yahweh...Seven times in these three verses (6-8) God said I will, thus emphasizing that He is the promise-keeping God." (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 116) |
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Jer 1.6 and 2Cor 11.6, unskilled in speech; Moses was not responsible for the outcome, just the process (trust and obey) |
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"Each of the judgments to follow smashed some aspect of Egypt’s religious life (i.e., Satan’s domain), culminating in the death of their heir-god, Amenhotep II’s firstborn son" (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 118); Ex 12.12
"The plague of blood (No. 1) was directed against the god Khnum, creator of water and life; or against Hapi, the Nile god; or against Osiris, whose bloodstream was the Nile. Frogs (No.2) was directed against Heket, a goddess of childbirth who was represented as a frog. The pestilence against cattle (No. 5) might have been directed against Hathor, the mother and sky goddess, represented in the form of a cow; or against Apis, symbol of fertility represented as a bull. Hail (No. 7) and locusts (No. 8 ) were, according to this explanation, directed against Seth, who manifests himself in wind and storms; and/or against Isis, goddess of life, who grinds, spins flax and weaves cloth; or against Min, who was worshiped as a god of fertility and vegetation and as a protector of crops. Min is an especially likely candidate for these two plagues because the notations in Exodus 9:31 indicate that the first plague came as the flax and barley were about to be harvested, but before the wheat and spelt had matured. A widely celebrated “Coming out of Min” was celebrated in Egypt at the beginning of the harvest.10 These plagues, in effect, devastated Min’s coming-out party. Darkness (No. 9), pursuing this line of interpretation, could have been directed against various deities associated with the sun—Amon-Re, Aten, Atum or Horus. Finally, the death of the firstborn (No. 10) was directed against the patron deity of Pharaoh, and the judge of the dead, Osiris. The number of plagues in Exodus was meant to correspond to the ten divine utterances by which the world was created and ordered (Genesis 1:3, 6, 9, 11, 14, 20, 24, 26, 28, 29).14 The destruction of Egypt was part of the redemption of Israel, so the Exodus narrator tied his story of redemption to the story of creation through subtle echoes and word plays." (Exodus in the Bible and the Egyptian Plagues, Biblical Archeology Society, 1 March 2015) |
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"In plagues 1-3 Aaron used his staff (7:19; 8:5-6, 16-17) and in plagues 7-9 Moses used his staff (9:22-23; 10:12-13, 21-22; though 10:21-22 mentions only Moses’ hand, the staff may have been included). No staff was used by either man in plagues 4-6" (John F. Walvoord et al., vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 119) |
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"Osiris, a god of the earth and vegetation, symbolized the flooding of the Nile. The Egyptians believed the Nile was Osiris’ bloodstream" (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 121" |
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"These judgments, commonly called plagues, may be grouped in three units of three plagues each, with a 10th culminating in judgment. The 1st, 4th, and 7th judgments, at the beginning of each cycle of three, are introduced by the words, “in the morning” (7:15; 8:20; 9:13). The 1st three (blood, frogs, and gnats) were loathsome; the 2nd three were bothersome (flies) or painful (death of livestock and boils on people and animals); and the 3rd three were “natural” plagues (hail, locusts, darkness). The 3rd plague ends with the defeat of the magicians (8:19), the 6th with their inability to stand before Moses (9:11), and the 9th with the separation of Moses and Pharaoh (10:28)...Pharaoh’s response to each of the plagues is interesting. After the 1st one he would not even listen to the request for the Israelites’ release (7:22–23). In the 2nd plague he agreed to let the people go if the frogs were taken away (8:8). In the 3rd plague he refused to listen to his magicians’ suggestion (8:19). In response to the 4th plague he first suggested that the Israelites sacrifice in the land (8:25). Later he agreed to let them go but not far (8:28) and then backed down on his promise (8:32). Again after the 5th and 6th plagues he refused the request (9:7, 12), but after the 7th he promised to let them go (9:28) if the rain and hail would be stopped, but again he backed down (9:35). In the 8th plague he offered to let only the men go (10:11) and even admitted his sin (10:16), and in the 9th he said the men, women, and children could go but not their animals (10:24). After the 10th plague he actually urged them to go! (12:31–32) " (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 118-19.) |
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"Moses and Aaron, emissaries of God, confronted the emissaries of Satan, the gods of Egypt, and their magicians...God demonstrates His absolute sovereignty over mankind by using them as He pleases; some, like Moses, to honor Him and others, like Amenhotep II, to dishonor Him. Both kinds of people bring glory to God though it is beyond man’s finite ability to understand how this can be." (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 118) |
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1K 18.37, so that You may be known; Why not ask to remove them immediately? “It would seem that Our Lord finds our desires not too strong, but too weak. We are half-hearted creatures, fooling about with drink and sex and ambition when infinite joy is offered us, like an ignorant child who wants to go on making mud pies in a slum because he cannot imagine what is meant by the offer of a holiday at the sea. We are far too easily pleased.” (C.S. Lewis, Weight of Glory) |
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2Cor 6.14, separation; God made a distinction between the Israelites and the Egyptians (cf. 9:4; 11:7), marking His people for deliverance and the others for judgment |
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"If all the cattle died in this plague, how can one explain the presence of animals later in verse 10 and of livestock in verses 20–21? Two explanations are possible: (1) The word “all” (v. 6) may be employed hyperbolically, as a figure of speech for a large quantity without meaning the totality of the livestock. (2) Perhaps a better explanation is that the plague killed all the animals in the field (v. 3) but not those in shelters" (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 123) |
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Is 14.13-14, the great "I Will" |
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"The phrase 'everything growing in the fields' (vv. 22, 25) is qualified by the statements in verses 31–32. 'Everything' refers to those crops about to be harvested, namely, flax (used in making linen cloth), and barley. Wheat and spelt (an inferior type of wheat) were unaffected. Flax and barley blossomed in January and were harvested in March–April. Wheat and spelt ripened about a month later (in April) and were harvested in June–July" (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 124); "Because of Pharaoh’s raging, Moses would not go to him in mercy with a word from God. In other words, if Moses saw Pharaoh again, it would be to announce unavoidable judgment or it would be at Pharaoh’s request to grant Moses and the Israelites permission to leave the land" (John D. Hannah, "Exodus", in , vol. 1, The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures ( ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck;Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 125) |
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Left for the upcoming locusts |
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Ex 3.22 ; Ex 35.22-29 ; Ex 25.2 |
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By Ex 14.11, they were grumbling again |
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2Cor 6.14, a distinction |
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